2006

Communiqué Mélanie en Lorenzo Delloye Betancourt

Communiqué Mélanie en Lorenzo Delloye Betancourt

De kinderen van Ingrid Betancourt, Mélanie et Lorenzo, hebben op woensdag 20 december 2006 een open brief gestuurd aan de commandanten van de Farc en een persconferentie gehouden in hun woonplaats Parijs om dit kenbaar te maken.
Deze brief is in het Frans, Spaans en Engels toegevoegd aan dit bericht als pdf bestand.

  Communiqué_Mélanie_et_Lorenzo_dec_2006.pdf

Colombia authorizes contact over prisoner exchange

Colombia authorizes European diplomats to contact leftist rebels over prisoner exchange

 

22/12/2006 - El Tiempo, Reuters, Bluewin, International Herald Tribune

 

President Alvaro Uribe has reauthorized three European peace facilitators to reach out to leftist rebels in the hope of reviving a planned swap of hostages for imprisoned rebels, authorities said.
Uribe angrily broke off contacts with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, on Oct. 20, after blaming the leftist rebels for a car bombing a day earlier at a military university in Bogota that injured 23 people.
Calling the FARC "scoundrels," he also said the three European peace facilitators — France, Spain and Switzerland — should provide military instead of diplomatic assistance to guarantee the release of 60 political prisoners being held by the rebels.
"The only option left is a military rescue," said Uribe at the time in a fiery speech at the Nueva Granada military school, a bounded copy of which he personally handed out days later in an interview with foreign journalists.
The law and order president, perhaps bending to the anger his comments sparked among many of the family members of those being held, now seems to have softened his hard line.
"I have instructions from President Uribe to advance in a discrete manner and evaluate the possibility of making important progress without major public announcements," said Restrepo.
In the weeks before the blast, it seemed a deal was imminent for the government to free some 500 jailed rebels in exchange for 60 political prisoners held by the FARC — including three U.S. defense contractors who were kidnapped in February 2003 and former presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, who has French citizenship and has become a cause celebre in France.
Uribe, better known for his hardline security policies, had even agreed to set aside two towns in southern Colombia for eventual talks.
Family members of those being held by the FARC downplayed the significance of the government's reversal, saying there was still a long way to go before they were reunited with loved ones.
"It's a good first step, but we need concrete actions that demonstrate the government is willing to sit down and negotiate," said Marleny Orjuela, president of an association grouping family members of FARC-held prisoners.
Yolanda Pulecio, Betancourt's mother, said she was unconvinced Uribe "really wants a humanitarian exchange."
She said the president's decision might be a "smoke screen" designed to divert public attention away from a damaging scandal affecting the government over alleged links between Uribe's close allies — including the former head of his intelligence agency — and right-wing paramilitary groups.

Paramilitairen trekken zich terug uit vredesproces

BOGOTA – 7 december 2006
De rechtse paramilitaire AUC heeft zich woensdag teruggetrokken uit het vredesproces dat in 2003 met de Colombiaanse regering in gang werd gezet. Aanleiding vormt de overplaatsing, afgelopen vrijdag, van 59 gedetineerde commandanten van de groep naar een maximaal beveiligde gevangenis. De regering besloot hiertoe omdat het gerucht ging dat de AUC-gevangenen een uitbraakpoging hadden voorbereid.


De paramilitairen maakten hun terugtrekking uit het vredesproces bekend na een gesprek van drie uur met de hoofdonderhandelaar van de regering. AUC-woordvoerder Ernesto Baez beschuldigde de regering van bedrog en zei dat er geen reden meer is om nog vertrouwen te hebben in het vredesproces.

Sinds 2003 hebben meer dan dertigduizend AUC-strijders hun wapens ingeleverd. De nu overgeplaatste commandanten gaven zichzelf over als onderdeel van het vredesproces. President Alvaro Uribe heeft hen ervan beschuldigd vanuit de gevangenis moorden te gelasten.

De AUC (Verenigde Zelfverdedigingstroepen van Colombia) werd in de jaren '80 door landeigenaren en drugsbaronnen opgericht om de linkse rebellen te bestrijden die een groot deel van het land buiten de steden beheersten. Het duurde niet lang of de AUC was uitgegroeid tot een van de grootste cocaïnekartels van het land. Ook worden de rechtse paramilitairen verantwoordelijk gehouden voor een aantal van de ernstigste wreedheden die in de reeds tientallen jaren durende Colombiaanse burgeroorlog zijn begaan.
LLC (AP)

Scandal edges closer to Colombia's president

19/11/2006 - International Herald Tribune

A widening scandal in which three federal lawmakers have been jailed for allegedly organizing and benefiting from murderous right-wing militias is now implicating one of President Alvaro Uribe's closest political allies.Sen. Alvaro Araujo, brother of Uribe's foreign minister, acknowledged in a radio interview Friday that he attended a 2004 party at which one of the country's most feared paramilitary leaders was present.Araujo denied that his "marginal contact" with Rodrigo Tovar Pupo, better known as Jorge 40, implied he had any political dealings with the paramilitary commander, who is wanted in the United States for being among Colombia's biggest drug traffickers.Uribe sought Friday to defuse what many Colombians think could become more damaging than the scandal involving drug cartel-financing of politicians in the mid-1990s that nearly toppled then-President Ernesto Samper.He said any member of Congress found to be conspiring with illegal armed groups should be jailed and "punished with extra severity."Uribe called upon "all congressmen to tell the country the truth and reveal whatever contacts they had with the paramilitaries."Evidence is mounting that politicians across Colombia's Caribbean coast funneled public funds to the paramilitaries in exchange for election wins aided by paramilitary intimidation.Despite having disarmed as part of a 2004 peace deal, paramilitaries are still believed to hold sway over huge parts of the country after killing hundreds and forcibly displacing tens of thousand of mostly poor Colombians in a nearly decade-long reign of terror.Evidence of a long-running paramilitary-political mafia appeared to be confirmed last week when the Supreme Court ordered the arrest of four former and current members of Congress.All four are all solid supporters of Uribe from the Caribbean state of Sucre and have either been arrested or turned themselves in. Sen. Jairo Merlano surrendered to police in Zipaquira, a town just north of Bogota, on Friday evening. A US$30,000 (€23,500) reward had been issued for information leading to his capture.Araujo, whose powerful political family hails from the Caribbean state of Cesar, said he had spoken with Tovar on at least two occasions since 2002, including at the birthday party for an ex-congresswoman long suspected of paramilitary ties. But he denied any improper dealings."I've never made any political agreement with the paramilitaries," said Araujo, who vowed to cooperate fully with the Supreme Court investigation.Although no charges have been filed against Araujo, opposition politicians have long tried to dig up evidence linking his fledgling Alas Equipo Colombia movement to the paramilitary groups.In the epicenter of the scandal, Sucre, more than 2,000 friends and relatives buried on Friday lawyer Carmelo Berrios who had denounced fraud in local elections. He was shot Wednesday night by unknown gunmen in his hometown of Betulia.Leaving the cemetery with weeping relatives, Rep. Jesus Berrios, the lone state assemblyman from the opposition Democratic Pole party, said his brother's murder shows how a dark alliance of paramilitary fighters and politicians continues to rule by terror across Colombia.Many Sucrenos believe members of the political-paramilitary mafia running the state for the last decade killed 50-year-old Berrios to try to silence a public finally beginning to shed its fear of denouncing the state's discredited political class."And this mafia power quiets the voices of those who are against it," said Jesus Berrios, who was assigned a police bodyguard after his brother's killing. "Here in Colombia to think differently means a death penalty."Uribe's administration has been conducting a peace process with the far-right paramilitaries that has seen more than 30,000 fighters disarm. Most of the leaders, including Tovar, are now in a specially created jail awaiting trial in which they face a maximum of eight years in prison for their role in some of the country's worst civilian massacres.The paramilitaries surged in the 1980s as landowners created private armies to fight leftist rebels and extend their control across much of Colombia's countryside, but they quickly became corrupted by the nation's lucrative cocaine trade.The U.S. government lists the paramilitaries as a "foreign terrorist organization" and is trying to extradite several of its leaders on drug trafficking charges.

Colombian rebels call on American filmmakers

Colombian rebels want Denzel Washington, Oliver Stone, Michael Moore to help negotiate with government

9/11/2006 - El Nuevo Herald, Terra, Radio Caracol, Cyberpresse, AnnCol, Intnl Herald Tribune

Colombia's largest rebel group is calling on actor Denzel Washington and filmmakers Oliver Stone and Michael Moore to help it reach a deal with the government on exchanging imprisoned guerrillas for rebel-held hostages, including three U.S. citizens.
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, better known as the FARC, issued a letter made public Thursday asking the celebrities to advocate the swap to the American people.
"To the people of the United States, we ask for your always generous solidarity to pressure President Bush and his government to support a prisoner exchange in Colombia," said Raul Reyes, the chief spokesman for the FARC.
The letter was also addressed to leftist academics Noam Chomsky, James Petras and Angela Davis, as well as Democratic activist Jesse Jackson.
The three American defense contractors, Thomas Howes, Keith Stansell and Marc Gonsalves, were on an intelligence-collecting mission when their small aircraft went down in February 2003 in Southern Colombia. They were quickly captured by the rebels. In the letter, Latin America's largest rebel group confirmed the three were well.
"Howes, Stansell and Gonsalves are alive in our custody, treated with respect and dignity in the jungle," said Reyes. "They are the only North American prisoners alive in the world."
The FARC, listed by the U.S. government as a "foreign terrorist organization," is holding some 60 prominent hostages, including the three defense contractors, former presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, politicians and military officers. It says it will only release them in exchange for nearly 600 imprisoned rebels.
President Alvaro Uribe recently broke off preliminary negotiations after blaming the rebel group for a car-bomb in a military installation that injured more than 20 people, insisting that the hostages would be freed by military operations. The families of the kidnapped are united in opposing such rescues, fearing their loved ones will be killed in the crossfire.
Uribe later relented and said that he would be open to potential talks if the rebels gave a sign of good faith.
The guerrilla group said the Colombian government's offensive in its strongholds was jeopardizing the lives of the three hostages.
The rebel leader also promised that the group would soon send evidence the three were alive. Since being kidnapped nearly four years ago, the families have received one so-called proof of life.
The FARC's latest missive comes as one of the most famous rebels stands trial in a Washington D.C. courtroom for the kidnapping of the three.
Ricardo Palmera, better known by his nom de guerre Simon Trinidad, was captured in Ecuador in 2004 and later extradited to the United States. Another guerrilla, known as Sonia, is preparing to stand trial in Washington on charges of drug-trafficking.
The FARC insists that any exchange must include Trinidad and Sonia.
In the past six years, the U.S. government has provided $4 billion in mostly military aid to Colombia to fight the more than five-decades old insurgency and the country's enormous drugs trade.

Colombian rebels kill 17 officers, a civilian

3/11/2006 - Yahoo, Le Monde, Terra, Houston Chronicle

Just days after the government rejected peace talks, rebels attacked an isolated mountain hamlet in northern Colombia on Wednesday and killed 17 police officers and a civilian.
An independent analyst in the Colombian capital of Bogota said the attack should serve as a wake-up call for the government of President Alvaro Uribe. The rebels have carried out relatively few operations in northern Colombia in recent years.
In the pre-dawn attack, the rebels, said to have numbered about 150, fired a homemade rocket that destroyed the police headquarters in Tierradentro and killed a police officer.
When police reinforcements arrived an hour later the rebels killed 15 more officers in an ambush.
A woman civilian also was slain, and a police officer later died of his wounds.
Defense Minister Juan Manuel Santos blamed the bloodshed on the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, a 12,000-member guerrilla army that has been fighting the Bogota government since 1964 and is deeply involved in illegal drug trafficking.
National police commander Jorge Daniel Castro said the officers were sent to Tierralta to help eradicate its crop of coca, the main ingredient of cocaine.
The attack came 12 days after Uribe ruled out a prisoner exchange and peace talks with the rebels, whom he blamed for a car bombing in the capital last month that injured 23 people.
Security experts said the FARC operation reveals the holes in the security strategy of Uribe, who was re-elected by a landslide in May and has often pledged to defeat or disarm the guerrillas.
Until recently, the area around Tierradentro was controlled by right-wing paramilitary gunmen.
The illegal militiamen often worked in cahoots with Colombian troops to drive the FARC out of many key regions of the country.
Since 2003, however, more than 30,000 paramilitary forces have disarmed under government peace negotiations that took place in Santa Fe de Ralito, a hamlet in Cordoba state not far from Tierradentro.
Colombian authorities have vowed to step in and provide security in areas abandoned by the paramilitaries, and they opened the police station in Tierradentro four months ago.
Now, the FARC is attempting to reclaim some of this territory, said Gustavo Duncan, an analyst at the Security and Democracy Foundation, a Bogota research center.
"Both the number of dead and the location of the attack should make this a wake-up call," Duncan said. "It shows that the government can't control these areas without the help of the paramilitaries."

Seventh journalist forced to flee

Seventh journalist forced to flee since start of the year, two others threatened by suspected paramilitaries

30/10/2006 - Reporters without borders

Reporters Without Borders today said it was devastated to learn that Otoniel Sánchez, a journalist working for local TV station CNC in the southwestern city of Cartago, was forced to flee the city after an attack on his home on 19 October.
The press freedom organisation also condemned repeated attempts by a group of suspected paramilitaries known as the “Black Eagles” to intimidate journalists Vanny Johann Sierra Mójica of the Hoy Diario de Magdalena newspaper and Camilo Munive of Radio Galeón in the northern Santa Marta area in the past month.
“The situation of these journalists unfortunately reflects that of all the local press in Colombia, which has to censor itself if it wants to survive and keep on working,” Reporters Without Borders said. “We voice our full support for these three journalists and we urge the authorities to protect them.”
The organisation added: “Those who investigate the threats against Sánchez should take a look at the Cartago municipal government. As for the ‘Black Eagles,’ they must be quickly dismantled and their members must be punished. And the demobilisation of Colombia’s paramilitaries must be accompanied by effective disarmament.”
According to the Foundation for Press Freedom (FLIP), gunmen fired on Sánchez’s home in Cartago at 2 a.m. on 19 October after he reported mismanagement at the municipal ice rink. Sánchez told the FLIP he had repeatedly received threatening phone calls. “We are tired of your comments,” a caller said on one occasion.
The night before the shooting attack, Sánchez received an anonymous phone call in which he was asked if he had received the package sent to his office. In fact, Sánchez’s colleagues returned the package to the delivery company fearing it might be a parcel bomb. It was finally opened by police bomb disposal experts, who found three 9 mm bullets inside, the same calibre as those fired at his home.
There was also a message inside the package that said: “You journalists think the bullet won’t hit you but you are completely wrong. Or have you forgotten what happened to Polanco, of the same TV station?” CNC news director Oscar Polanco was murdered in Cartago on 4 February 2004. Cartago-based radio journalist Candela Estéreo meanwhile received a parcel bomb on 3 October which fortunately did not go off.
Sánchez is the seventh journalist to have to flee the region where they work in Colombia since the start of the year. Exactly when he left Cartago and where he has gone is being kept secret.
In Ciénaga, 30 km outside Santa Marta, Sierra has received four letters and Munive has received 10 phone calls in the past month telling them to shut up and leave the town where they both work as local correspondents. They told Reporters Without Borders the harassment began after they reported an increase in the local murder rate a month ago. The messages are signed “Black Eagles,” who are assumed to be a local paramilitary group.
Several demobilised paramilitaries were arrested and questioned by the police as part of their initial investigation into the threats. Ciénaga is currently home to about 180 former members of the right-wing paramilitary groups that used to combat the left-wing guerrillas. These groups have been demobilised and are now the recipients of government-run social reintegration programmes.
The local police chief told Reporters Without Borders he checked the activities of the demobilised paramilitaries every month but acknowledged that some of them had “not followed the path they were supposed to take in the reintegration process.” At the same time, the threats against the two journalists could also have come from ordinary criminals.
Munive has been given police protection after filing a complaint, but Sierra did not follow suit, fearing that it might only expose him to greater danger.

Colombia kidnap families urge Uribe to hold talks

26/10/2006 - La Tribune, El Nuevo Diario, Washington Post

Chanting "no to rescue by blood and fire," families of people kidnapped by Colombian rebels rallied on Tuesday to demand the government hold talks on their release rather than send in troops to rescue them.
The protest followed a decision by President Alvaro Uribe to suspend efforts to reach out to Marxist guerrillas after he blamed them for scuttling a possible accord on hostages by setting off a car bomb in Bogota last week.
Hundreds of hostages have been held by the guerrillas for as long as eight years, including a French-Colombian national and three U.S. contract workers who were captured after their aircraft crashed on a drug eradication mission.
Families fear any rescue attempt by the military will prompt the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC rebels to kill hostages. They want Uribe to hold talks on exchanging 62 key kidnap victims for rebels in prison, including two leaders imprisoned in the United States.
"We are terrified by the words of the president, terrified by the lack of humanity and consideration," Yolanda Pulecio, mother of hostage Ingrid Betancourt -- a dual French national and former Colombian presidential candidate -- told Reuters at the rally in Bogota's historical city center.
Uribe, a key Washington ally in Latin America, has reduced violence from Colombia's four-decade conflict though a U.S.-backed security crackdown on leftist FARC rebels and a peace deal to disarm thousands of illegal paramilitaries.
But the conflict still ravages parts of rural Colombia where thousands are driven from their homes by the violence every year.
Uribe had been considering a proposal to pull back troops from two municipalities in southern Colombia in an effort to facilitate talks with the FARC, the largest left-wing rebel group.
The conservative president, whose own father was killed by the FARC in a botched kidnapping, had taken a more flexible tone since his re-election in May after Colombians rewarded him for reducing violence. But Thursday's car bomb changed that.
Defense Minister Juan Manuel Santos on Tuesday warned of renewed FARC attacks after Uribe's decision to pull back from talks. The car bomb wounded 10 people at a heavily guarded military base where top generals were attending a ceremony.

Colombia prisoner swap off after blast

Aljazeera.net Saturday 21 October 2006

Colombia's president has called off a planned prisoner exchange with guerrilla fighters and ordered the military to rescue hostages held in the jungle after a bombing in Bogota.

President Alvaro Uribe made the decision after a car bombing at the military university on Thursday injured 23 people. The government has blamed the attack on the Revolutionary Armed Force of Colombia (FARC) but it has denied any involvement."The only path that remains is a military rescue," Uribe said on Friday, adding that the government had intercepted phone calls from a rebel leader which proved that FARC had planted the bomb.
"We cannot continue the farce of a humanitarian exchange [of prisoners] with the FARC."FARC issued a statement on its website suggesting that the bomb was planted by the US in an attempt to destroy the possibility of ending Colombia's four-decade-old guerrilla war.

Hostages
Sixty-two hostages - including three American defence contractors and former Colombian presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt - were to be swapped for guerrillas being held in government jails.Families of the hostages have condemned Uribe's decision as dangerous.French-Colombian citizen Ingrid Betancourt was kidnapped while campaigning in 2002 and the Americans, Marc Gonsalves, Thomas Howes and Keith Stansell, were taken while trying to locate crops used to make cocaine in 2003.

Mariana Howes, Thomas Howes' wife, called the idea of a military rescue "crazy".

"He's going to get my husband killed," she told Reuters news agency.

Executed
The group executed a group of hostages, including a former defence minister, during a failed military rescue in 2003.The decision came less than a month after Uribe said he was willing to discuss a FARC proposal to withdraw government troops from a rural area almost the size of New York City to negotiate the exchange.The president has started peace talks with a smaller rebel group, the National Liberation Army, or ELN, and disbanded right-wing paramilitaries but peace with the 17,000-strong FARC remains elusive.FARC still control large rural areas of Colombia, funding their operations through the country's multibillion-dollar cocaine industry.

Finalists Sakharov prize for freedom of thought

Human rights 10/10/2006

Sakharov finalist No 1:
Those who campaign for hostages in Colombia


Ahead of the awarding of the Sakharov prize for freedom of thought in December, Parliament's website is running profiles of the 3 finalists. Today we look at the nomination of "All those fighting for the release of kidnapped hostages in Colombia". As nominees, this group is represented by former Colombian Presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt (herself a hostage), and the "País Libre" (free country) foundation which campaigns on behalf of those held hostage and their families. Colombia is one of the most dangerous places in the world. Decades of civil war between government forces, leftist guerrillas and right-wing paramilitaries have left tens of thousands dead and thousands held hostage. It is estimated that there are currently 3000 people held hostage in Colombia, 80% of the world's total. Added to this is the carnage caused by Colombia being one of the world's largest producers of cocaine, a lucrative trade that has fuelled the violence and instability.

Ingrid Betancourt: campaigner for peace in Colombia

Ingrid Betancourt was someone who advocated a negotiated settlement to Colombia's problems. She stood as a Presidential candidate in the 2002 Presidential election on a platform of anti-drug trafficking, anti-corruption and the need to negotiate with the FARC guerrilla movement, (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) - something the government started in October. Mrs Betancourt was abducted on 23 February 2002, and is believed to be held by FARC.

She was a former Colombian MP, Senator and founder of the "Oxygen" political party whose aim was to secure an end to the civil war through dialogue. Her campaigns against drug-trafficking, corruption in public life and violence made her many enemies. She received numerous death threats and survived an assassination attempt.

"País Libre" foundation: supporter of hostages and their families

This independent Colombian foundation campaigns not only for the release of hostages, but also for the welfare of those whose loved ones may have been abducted. It also helps victims of extortion.

País Libre aims to raise awareness of the problem in Colombia and the wider world and provides support and advice to those who have been affected by kidnapping. They also campaign for changes on the law in Colombia. The foundation offers psychological advice and advises people how to negotiate with kidnappers who are demanding ransoms. The organization does not participate in negotiations, support families financially or denounce crimes to the authorities. All of its services are free to victims.

There are two other finalists for the 2006 Sakharov prize. They are:

Alexander Milinkevich - Belarus opposition leader, to be profiled on 17 October:
Ghassan Tueni - journalist and representative of leading figures assassinated in Lebanon - 24 October

Colombia's Uribe willing to meet with rebels

4/10/2006 - CyberPresse, Le Monde, Terra, Reuters

Colombian President Alvaro Uribe said on Tuesday he was willing to hold peace talks with the country's Marxist rebel leaders, a softening of his stance against guerrillas fighting a 42-year-old insurgency.
"If it is necessary to bring peace, or to step toward peace, I am willing to do it," Uribe told reporters a day after the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, called for a conditional cease-fire.
"I have been thinking about this and the truth is my task is to look for options," added Uribe, who won office in 2002 vowing to crush the rebels on the battlefield.
Uribe, popular for cutting crime as part of his U.S.-backed crackdown on the FARC, has ordered his administration to talk to the rebels about setting up negotiations aimed at a prisoner swap and an eventual peace deal.
The government is in preliminary negotiations with a smaller rebel group, called the ELN, and has disbanded more than 30,000 right-wing paramilitaries.
Finding terms with the 17,000-strong FARC, which governs wide areas of the Colombian countryside and has grown rich on the country's huge cocaine trade, will be more difficult.
Despite scant popular support, the FARC says it is fighting to close the wide gap between the poor and the rich in this Andean country.
"The possibility of a prisoner exchange or peace agreement is still very slim," said political commentator Ricardo Avila. "What we are seeing is a tug of war in which each side tries to convince the public that they want peace."
Thousands are cut down in the cross-fire of the conflict every year while tens of thousands are forced from their homes into shantytowns ringing Colombia's cities.
Uribe, who was re-elected in August, said any talks with the FARC would culminate in a constitutional convention, which would include former rebels and paramilitaries, to codify a possible peace accord.
Uribe won office by criticizing past peace efforts as too lenient toward the rebels, and has always insisted on the government controlling the national territory.
Last week, Uribe said he was willing to discuss a FARC proposal to withdraw troops from a rural area almost the size of New York City to negotiate the release of rebel hostages, including three Americans and former presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt.
The FARC kidnapped French-Colombian citizen Betancourt during her 2002 campaign and three American defense contractors during a 2003 mission to locate crops used to make cocaine.
They are among 62 FARC hostages Uribe wants to swap for guerrillas held in government jails.
See also :
10/3/2006 : Colombia group sets conditions for talks

In de groene hel van Colombia

Nederlandse huurling / In de groene hel van Colombia

Böhm: 'Ik zat in het meest verschrikkelijke gebied, het huis van de duivel.
Niets dan jungle, regen, modder, muskieten en guerrilla.'

© Trouw 20 oktober 2006
door Edwin Koopman

In 1998 liet David Böhm zijn familie, zijn opleiding en zijn luxe Nederlandse leven achter om in Colombia te gaan vechten tegen de guerrilla. Acht jaar later stapte hij eruit, berooid, bedreigd en een illusie armer. „Ik ging erheen om de bevolking te beschermen, niet om een moordenaar te zijn.”
Misschien was het zijn drang naar avontuur. Of de liefde voor het Zuid-Amerikaanse land waar hij is geboren en waar al vier decennia een bloedig conflict gaande is tussen guerrilla, paramilitairen, drugsmaffia en het leger. Zeker is dat opmerkingen van zijn klasgenoten in Nederland – ’Wat heb jij eigenlijk gedaan voor je land?’ – een rol speelden bij zijn bizarre beslissing zich in de hel te storten. Onder protest van zijn Nederlandse vader en gescheiden Colombiaanse moeder, staakte hij zijn studie internationale politiek in Utrecht en nam het vliegtuig.
Niet minder verrast waren ze in Colombia toen daar op een dag een 18-jarige Nederlandse student aanmonsterde, die zijn luxe bestaan vol kansen wilde verruilen voor een bloedige burgeroorlog. Zijn schooldiploma verzweeg hij om ’gewoon soldaat’ te kunnen worden, maar na een paar maanden viel hij door de mand. De contraspionagedienst – alert op eventuele infiltranten van de guerrilla – ontdekte zijn achtergrond, haalde hem van het slagveld en stuurde hem naar een internationale vredesoperatie in de Sinaï. Na een jaar zwaaide Böhm af. Een oorkonde, een hand en hij kon gaan. Maar hij ging niet.
„Wat zou ik straks tegen mijn kinderen zeggen? Dat ik op kantoor had gezeten?” zegt Böhm zittend op de rand van zijn bed. Hij heeft een gespierd lichaam, een mager gezicht, kort geknipt haar. „Ik zie eruit als een krijger,” had hij door de telefoon al gezegd. De zonnebril blijft op, ondanks het schaarse licht. Zijn kamer van twee bij vier, tweehoogachter in het centrum van Bogotá, heeft uitzicht op een blinde muur met glasscherven erop. Binnen hangen oorkondes, medailles, diploma’s. Een fotocollage toont een weldoorvoede student naast een pezige, zwart geschminkte strijder. ’Wij offeren ons leven voor jullie vrijheid.’ Op bed slingeren pakjes noedelsoep, de flessen dure whisky waarmee hij zijn kamerhuur betaalt, en zijn Nederlandse paspoort, dat vorig jaar nog werd verlengd door de ambassade in Colombia.
Na het eerste jaar klopte Böhm opnieuw aan bij de kazerne en betaalde een sergeant 1000 dollar om hem opnieuw te ronselen. Toen de generaals erachter kwamen, zat hij al lang en breed in het oerwoud van het departement Sur de Bolivar. „Dat is het meest verschrikkelijke gebied, het huis van de duivel. Niets dan jungle, regen, modder, muskieten en guerrilla. Ver van alles. Niemand weet of je nog leeft. Daar heb ik geleerd een soldaat te zijn en om de vijand te doden, snel en geruisloos. Dat je zijn bloed moet drinken voordat hij het jouwe drinkt.”
Drie jaar later en vijftien kilo lichter wilde hij nog meer opwinding, actie, gevaar. „Ik was gehersenspoeld. Ik vergat mijn familie, mijn carrière, de beschaving. Ik wilde nog maar een ding: soldaat zijn.” Zijn oog viel op de Speciale Eenheden, elitetroepen die worden afgestuurd op wat heet ’vertrouwelijke missies’ en meestal niet de meest frisse. Zijn excellente gedrag hielp bij de selectie. „Ik werd een krijger, een moordmachine. Je angst voor de dood verdwijnt, het gaat om perfectie.” Twee keer was hij betrokken bij een bevrijdingsactie voor de in 2002 ontvoerde presidentskandidate Ingrid Betancourt.
Böhm wijst op een foto aan de muur waarop hij poseert tussen zijn collega-rambo’s met camouflagekleding en mitrailleur. „Je bent voortdurend in de jungle. Je sjouwt met drie keer je lichaamsgewicht aan wapens en munitie, en zonder eten. Commando’s koken niet. Je verdedigt je land met wapens, niet met voedsel. Het eten bestaat uit een zakje chemicaliën waar je na een paar weken bloed van gaan schijten. Ik besteedde mijn geld aan vitaminen en medicijnen. Aan zieke soldaten hebben ze niks.”
In die tijd werd zijn verhaal breder bekend in Colombia. Eerst via de legerradio, later ook in de pers. ’De patriot,’ noemden ze hem. „Waren er maar duizend Colombianen als hij,” zei zijn commandant.
Toch bleef hij een vreemde eend in de bijt. Hij sprak Engels en Spaans met een accent. En hij schreef. Als zijn kameraden zaten te drinken, hield hij zijn dagboek bij. Hij was deelnemer en toeschouwer tegelijk. Misschien stelde dat hem in staat om uiteindelijk afstand te nemen. Na twee jaar bij de commando’s kreeg hij problemen met zijn geweten. „Ik begon dingen te zien waar ik het niet mee eens was. Zoals het neerschieten van iemand die zich overgeeft. Ze laten altijd mooie beelden zien van soldaten die een gewonde guerrillero helpen, maar dat is pure propaganda.”
Zijn heldendaden leken ineens minder moedig dan hem altijd was voorgespiegeld. „Ze maken je wijs dat je een held bent, dat je goede dingen doet voor je land. Het is een voortdurende hersenspoeling. Ik bleef glimlachen, maar van binnen wist ik dat ik niet op de goeie plek zat en de verkeerde dingen deed. Als we een guerrillastrijder doodden, namen we hem alles, horloge, portemonnee, persoonlijke bezittingen en zijn uniform. Dat is slecht.”
„Onderling gebeurt hetzelfde. Als een guerrillero mij doodt, nemen mijn kameraden mijn uniform, laarzen, alles wat ze kunnen gebruiken. Ik was in het leger gegaan om mensen te helpen, niet om een moordenaar te zijn.”
Bovendien werd hij bang. Niet voor de guerrilla, maar voor zijn kameraden. „Ze vermoorden elkaar, per ongeluk of niet. Door dat soort dingen boekt het Colombiaanse leger geen successen. Ik dacht: morgen vermoordt een van mijn vrienden me. omdat ik iets zeg dat hem niet aanstaat. Dat gebeurt dagelijks. Ook slechte commandanten worden vaak neergeschoten. En dan zeggen ze tegen de familie: het spijt ons, uw zoon is gesneuveld in de strijd, bij het verdedigen van zijn land.”
Böhm is teleurgesteld in de generaals. „Ze hebben geen idee van wat zich in de jungle afspeelt. Ze gaan naar cocktailfeestjes en willen niets te maken hebben met bloedige dingen. Ze houden niet van de geur van soldaten, die stinken naar oerwoud. Ze weten niet dat hun soldaten altijd honger hebben en nooit geld hebben om eten te kopen voor hun families.”
De doorslag gaf een missie voor een drugsvangst waar nogal geheimzinnig over werd gedaan. „Dat was onze taak helemaal niet.” Zijn conclusie was duidelijk: „De enige business hier is de drugs. Het maakt niet uit hoeveel mensen ervoor moeten sterven.” En binnen de kazernes werd een complot gesmeed om de president te vermoorden. Hij heeft het van dichtbij gezien. „Alvaro Uribe is een goede president, de mensen houden van hem. Hij wil een einde maken aan de oorlog en hij wil openheid. En daar heeft niet iedereen belang bij. Veel mensen leven van de oorlog en de drugs.”
Nadat Böhm zijn vertrek had aangekondigd, gebeurden er vreemde dingen. De laptop waarop hij steeds zijn dagboeken uitwerkte, werd gestolen. Terug in de hoofdstad Bogotá kreeg hij vreemde telefoontjes. Op een middag belden twee mannen aan. David was er niet en een huisgenoot deed open. Ze zouden ’vrienden’ zijn en ’belangrijke informatie’ voor hem hebben, maar lieten naam noch telefoonnummer achter. David wist genoeg. „Ik ben bang dat ze me gaan vermoorden. Ik weet hoe ze die dingen doen. Ik heb dat soort operaties zelf uitgevoerd. Elke dag verdwijnen hier mensen en niemand weet waar ze blijven.”
Sindsdien zit hij ondergedoken. Zijn adres geeft hij aan niemand. Afspraken maakt hij buiten op straat, ergens op een hoek zodat hij eerst kan kijken of de kust veilig is. Ook journalisten worden gefouilleerd voor hij ze binnen laat. Böhm wijst in zijn kamer naar een gigantische Nederlandse vlag, die hij al acht jaar bij zich draagt. De vlag is voor hem inmiddels het symbool van zijn grote wens: hij wil zo snel mogelijk terug naar Nederland, zodra hij het geld heeft. „De reden dat ik nog leef is dat ik de missie heb dit verhaal te vertellen.”

Agreement on hostage-prisoner exchange

FARC, Colombian government agree on hostage-prisoner exchange

2/10/2006 - Le Monde, CyberPresse, RTL, RFI, 2001.com, RawStory.com, International Herald Tribune
Bogota- Left-wing Colombian rebels have agreed for the first time to a government proposal to exchange hostages for rebel prisoners, media reports said Sunday. The rebels are prepared to meet government representatives in a "demilitarized zone" for this purpose, said a spokesman for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC).
"Many other things" could perhaps be raised as part of these talks and the years of suffering of many families could be brought to an end, said FARC commander Raúl Reyes.
Conservative President Alvaro Uribe has suggested the creation of a "demilitarized zone" in the Florida and Pradera districts in the south-west of the country.
The government would want any prisoner exchange to be observed by countries such as Spain, France and Switzerland as well as security guarantees through the presence of an international force.
According to media reports, FARC currently holds 45 soldiers, three US citizens and numerous politicians, including the former presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt.
The organization now wants to exchange the hostages for imprisoned FARC rebels. FARC with 17,000 members is Columbia's biggest rebel group, which has been engaged in guerilla warfare against the Colombian state for 40 years.
See also :
29/9/2006 : Colombia suggests demilitarization for exchange of prisoners

Colombia zet stap tot gevangenenruil

NRC - Rotterdam, 29 september 2006 Door een onzer redacteuren
De Colombiaanse regering en de van oorsprong marxistische guerrillabeweging FARC hebben gisteren een belangrijke stap gezet naar een gevangenenruil.

 

President Álvaro Uribe gaf het leger gisteren opdracht zich terug te trekken uit Florida en Pradera. In deze twee steden in het zuidwesten van het land zouden FARC-onderhandelaars met de regering kunnen gaan praten over uitwisseling van gijzelaars, respectievelijk gevangenen. De FARC houdt honderden personen – vaak al voor jaren – gegijzeld, onder wie een groep van 62 hooggeplaatste ontvoerden. Onder hen zijn de presidentskandidate Ingrid Betancourt en drie Amerikaanse militaire contractanten. In ruil voor de vrijlating van deze 62 eist de FARC vrijheid voor een deel van de duizenden guerrillero’s die de staat gevangen houdt.De regering en de FARC moeten voordat de gesprekken kunnen beginnen nog de nodige geschilpunten oplossen, maar veel analisten gaan er van uit dat de twee partijen op korte termijn tot een vergelijk zouden kunnen komen. Het Colombiaanse dagblad El Tiempo somde gisteren alle obstakels op. De FARC eist dat guerrillero’s in het gebied mogen blijven om te waken over de veiligheid van haar onderhandelaars; dat pas na de ingebruikname van de gedemilitariseerde zone gesproken wordt over gebruik ervan; dat de regering haar denigrerende taal jegens de FARC stopt; dat twee aan de VS uitgeleverde FARC-leiders naar Colombia worden teruggehaald. De regering stelt dat de gesprekszone vrij moet zijn van guerrillero’s; ze vooraf over de voorwaarden wil onderhandelen; ze haar taalgebruik over de FARC in enkele documenten aanpast, maar de term ‘terroristische organisatie’ van toepassing laat; en dat de uitleveringskwestie nu buiten haar macht is en bij de VS ligt.

Betancourt 'gerespecteerd' door de FARC

Betancourt 'gerespecteerd' door de FARC

Nouvelobs.com 25/09/2006

Colombia. In videobeelden die op zondag 24 september werden uitgezonden verklaarde een woordvoerder van de FARC dat Ingrid Betancourt het goed maakt en dat ze in dezelfde omstandigheden verkeert als de rebellen.
'Of het nu gaat om slapen of afleiding, de omstandigheden zijn gelijk', beweerde de FARC-leider en hij onderstreepte dat Ingrid Betancourt 'gewaardeerd en gerespecteerd' wordt.
In deze videofilm die is opgenomen in een guerrillakamp verzekert Francisco González, alias Pacho, leider van het front VI van de FARC, dat Ingrid Betancourt, voormalig presidentskandidate, in dezelfde omstandigheden leeft als de rebellen die haar vasthouden.
De videobeelden zullen deel uitmaken van een documentaire die gemaakt wordt door een Franse producent. Ingrid Betancourt wordt sinds februari 2002 in gijzeling gehouden.

'Opluchting' van de Groenen

De Groenen hebben maandag verklaard dat ze opgelucht zijn na de uitzending van de videobeelden.
'Mobilisatie van de burgers is belangrijker dan ooit, evenals internationale druk', voegde Sergio Coronado, woordvoerder van de Groenen, er in een communiqué aan toe.
De milieupartij heeft het Europese Parlement opgeroepen om 'een groot gebaar te doen en de Sakharov prijs toe te kennen aan alle ontvoerden in Colombia en aan al diegenen die zich inzetten voor hun bevrijding'.
Sergio Coronado herinnert eraan dat 'de FARC al meer dan twee jaar weigerden om concrete tekenen van leven te geven van Ingrid Betancourt, ondanks de voortdurende verzoeken hierom van de familie en de internationale mobilisatie ten gunste van de bevrijding van alle Colombiaanse gijzelaars.'


Bron: Le Nouvel Observateur

Colombia hostages plead for freedom

By Patrick Markey | September 24, 2006
BOGOTA, Colombia (Reuters) - In a video released by their rebel captors, Colombian lawmakers held hostage for more than four years pleaded with President Alvaro Uribe to negotiate with leftist guerrillas to secure their release.
The recording broadcast on local television was the latest from the 12 provincial lawmakers since their kidnapping in 2002 by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, the largest rebel group in Colombia's four-decade conflict.
The FARC wants Uribe to withdraw troops from two municipalities to start an exchange of rebel prisoners for 62 hostages, including three U.S. contract workers and Colombian-French national Ingrid Betancourt, a former presidential candidate.
With sheets pinned up behind them to disguise their whereabouts, the lawmakers read from notes greeting family members and urging the government to reach an agreement.
"I urge President Uribe and the FARC leadership to keep from making declarations to the media without showing a real willingness to reach a humanitarian exchange, with acts and dialogue," said Ramiro Echeverry, wearing a black sweater and a crucifix around his neck.
The release of FARC hostages is one of the more sensitive areas Uribe must tackle after re-election in May thanks mostly to his tough security policies helping to reduce the country's once soaring levels of violence.
Local television showed families of the kidnapped men in Cali wiping away tears and hugging children as they watched the videos, the first of the hostages in more than six months.
The kidnapping came just before Uribe, a Washington ally who has received millions in U.S. aid, was first elected on a promise he would smash Latin America's oldest insurgency and attack Colombia's vast cocaine trade.
Uribe has accepted a proposal by European governments to break the deadlock over the hostages. But the government and the FARC disagree over the demilitarized area and Uribe wants guarantees the FARC will not use the zone to regroup.
"The national government reiterates its willingness to reach a humanitarian accord and a peace agreement with the FARC," the Uribe administration said in a statement.
Guerrillas snatched the provincial lawmakers in Cali in 2002 by pretending to be police evacuating a government building during a bomb threat.
Kidnapping, crime and violence has dropped as Uribe hiked military spending and sent troops to push back the FARC and reclaim urban areas and highways abandoned by the state.
But the FARC still holds more than 800 hostages, including politicians, police and soldiers, in secret camps. Thousands are killed and forced from their homes each year by a conflict that has cost 40,000 lives in the last decade.

Copyright 2006 The New York Times Company

Sakharov nominees: Betancourt, Milinkevitch, Mam

13/9/2006 - Euro News

The French-Colombian Ingrid Betancourt, long held hostage by rebels in her adoptive country, is one of ten candidates being presented to win the Sakharov Prize. Other front-runners include the Belarus opposition leader Alexander Milinkevitch. These, respectively, were nominated by the conservative Christian Democrat EPP and the Socialist group in the European Parliament. The assembly's third-largest group, the Liberals, proposed the Cambodian Somaly Mam, for her work rescuing women and children in southeast Asia from sexual exploitation. The prestigious award which celebrates freedom of thought has been attributed each year since 1988.

This year the parliament has decided to give the honour to one laureate only. Last year's went to three; the French organisation 'Reporters Without Borders', the Cuban pressure group for political prisoners 'Women in White', and Nigerian women's defence lawyer Hauwa Ibrahim. They divided equally the accompanying 50,000-euro cheque. The winner for 2006 will be designated by the parliament's political group leaders in December.

 

Husband Betancourt appeals to guerrillas

2/9/2006 - NDTV

The husband of kidnapped former Colombian presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, distributed thousands of pictures of his wife's children from an airplane.

The plane flew over a mountainous region in the south of the country on Friday.

During the flight Juan Carlos Lecompte threw handfuls of flyers out of the window of the plane.

The photos show Ingrid's children, Melanie and Lorenzo, aged 20 and 17.

"This is a proof of her children's life that I am sending her. I hope this will cheer her up and raise her morale. She must be very depressed, as I have been sometimes," said Lecompte.

Lecompte hired a small plane to fly over the central mountain range, some 270 kilometres southwest of Bogota.

"I've been told that she could be there," said Lecompte, who has not received a message from Betancourt since August 2003.

Lecompte complained of the lack will of both the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), to reach a deal to free Betancourt and around 60 other prominent Colombians held by the guerrillas. (AP)

 

Colombian rebels: hostage exchange at a standstill

24/8/2006 - le Figaro, le Nouvel Obs, Terra España, Reuters, El Universal

Colombia's largest rebel group is open to exchanging hostages for the release by the government of its guerrillas but plan is at a standstill, a spokesman for the rebels said in an interview released on Wednesday.Raul Reyes, the spokesman for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, also said French-Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt, who has been held hostage since February 2002, was well."The plan for a humanitarian exchange is at a standstill," Reyes said in an interview with Le Figaro newspaper which took place in the Colombian jungle on August 18.The government wants the 17,000-strong FARC to free 62 hostages including three American defense contractors and Betancourt, in exchange for rebels held in government jails.But President Alvaro Uribe and the rebel group are deadlocked over the terms for starting talks that might lead to an exchange.Speaking about Betancourt, Reyes said: "She is there. She reads, she walks, she smokes, like all the other hostages."And I imagine that every day she asks herself when she will finally be set free. Like all the guerrillas in prison."He told the paper the FARC had never had any plans for her individual release.The FARC says it is fighting for socialism in a country with deep divisions between rich and poor but even mainstream leftist politicians say the groups have scant popular support.Thousands are killed and tens of thousands are forced from their homes every year by Colombia's four-decade-old war, which is fueled by the country's huge cocaine trade.

Steunbetuiging Boris Dittrich aan Yolanda Pulecio

Steunbetuiging Boris Dittrich aan Yolanda Pulecio

Woede in het hart
Bogotá, 24 augustus 2006

De bediende gaat me voor naar de huiskamer. Ik zet mijn tas in de hoek en blijf staan wachten. Het is avond en door het raam zie ik nachtelijk Bogota aan mijn voeten liggen. Aan de muur hangt een schilderij van een vrouw met lange zwarte haren. Op de salontafel ligt een stapel kunstboeken. En bovenop zie ik de Nederlandse editie van Woede in het hart, geschreven door Ingrid Betancourt. Ingrid is een belangrijk Colombiaans politica. Ze is Tweede Kamerlid in Colombia geweest en wilde in 2002 president worden. Op 23 februari 2002 werd ze door de FARC ontvoerd. Sindsdien wordt ze in het oerwoud van Colombia vastgehouden. De FARC zijn rebellen die in de drugshandel zitten en een gewelddadige criminele organisatie vormen.
‘Buenas tardes’. Achter me staat een frêle vrouw, de moeder van Ingrid Betancourt. Ik herken haar van het schilderij aan de muur, maar dan ouder en getekend door het leven. Ze heeft een rode sjaal om haar schouders gedrapeerd en kijkt me afwachtend aan.
Ik vertel haar over de acties die in Nederland worden gevoerd uit solidariteit met Ingrid en de ruim 2500 andere ontvoerden in Colombia. Elk jaar organiseert de Tweede Kamer een bijeenkomst, waar de ontvoeringen centraal staan.
‘Wanneer heeft u voor het laatst iets van Ingrid gehoord?’ Ze schuift in haar stoel en zucht. ‘30 Augustus 2003. Een videoboodschap. Sindsdien is het stil. Maar onlangs zond de Franse televisie een interview uit met de 2e man van de FARC. Hij zei dat Ingrid nog leeft en dat ze gezond is. Maar wie gelooft de FARC nog?’
De moeder van Ingrid Betancourt beschrijft beeldend hoe ze actie onderneemt in Colombia om aandacht voor de zaak van alle ontvoerden te krijgen. Ze heeft een paar maal met president Uribe gesproken en met parlementsleden. ‘Maar ze beloven steeds dat ze met de FARC gaan onderhandelen. Het is nu 4 1/2 jaar geleden dat Ingrid is ontvoerd, en nog is er niets gebeurd. Ik geloof de politiek in Colombia niet meer.’
Ik pak mijn tas en haal er drie pakketjes uit. Het zijn brieven die mensen in Nederland en België hebben geschreven aan Ingrid om haar te steunen. Ik overhandig de stapeltjes.
‘Jullie aandacht doet ons goed. Het houdt ons op de been. Wij familieleden van ontvoerden staan machteloos. We worden verteerd door zorgen en verdriet.’
Ik neem afscheid en ga terug naar mijn hotel. Woede in het hart, dat is de titel van Ingrid Betancourt`s boek. Het eerste exemplaar kreeg ik op 23 februari 2003 in Amsterdam uitgereikt, precies een jaar na haar ontvoering. Haar gezicht kijkt me vanaf de salontafel aan. Woede in het hart is ook wat ik voel. Hoe wreed is het om iemand te ontvoeren en jaren geïsoleerd te houden. Laf en onmenselijk. En hoe lang gaat het nog duren? Volgens vice-president Santos bij wie ik de zaak eergisteren heb aangekaart, is er hoop dat er onderhandeld kan gaan worden. Maar wanneer kon hij niet zeggen. En garanties kon hij al helemaal niet geven.
De moeder loopt met me mee naar de deur van de lift. ‘Wilt u alle mensen in Nederland bedanken die een brief hebben geschreven. Hun medeleven is een lichtpuntje’.
Dat doe ik dan. Bij deze!

Boris

Bron: weblog Boris Dittrich

 

Uribe prepared to negotiate peace with Farc?

15/8/2006 - Semana, La Cronica de Hoy, Madrid Digital

According to a magazine that has close governmental links, the administration of President Alvaro Uribe would be prepared to begin talks about a peace process with FARC leading to the freeing of at least 62 people kidnapped by them.Semana magazine, on of the most influential in Colombia, announced that government sources had assured it that Uribe would like to create conditions leading to a meeting of his spokespersons with FARC. FARC have 16000 members in 60 divisions.According to Semana, Uribe's plan to begin peace negotiations with FARC has been examined with the High Commissioner for Peace. Luis Carlos Rostrepo, and his adviser Fabio Valencia, following his re-election for a new term on 28 May last.In order to bring both sides closer, it is reported that, the government has asked for backing from former presidential candidate Alvaro Leyva and from Carlos Lozano, editor of the weekly communist paper VOX.Leyva and Lozano are the two with whom the government would begin the process of getting closer to FARC as it considers that the rebel group has not any objection to these two men."The government is prepared to call a special National Assembly to introduce changes that would include social reforms," the magazine revealed.President Uribe believes that "a peace process is possible that would lead to the freeing of hostages or a freeing of hostages that leads to a peace process", the weekly paper stated.FARC are holding 21 politicians, 38 members of military/police and three American operatives whim they wish to exchange for 500 imprisoned rebels convicted for various crimes."This flexibility claims to have more possibilities, to begin meeting with the rebel group which has shown to be rather inflexible", said the magazine.Pre-talks proposed by the government could avail of international observers from countries that have already been involved in efforts towards the humanitarian agreement, such as France, Spain and Italy.But Semana warned it was necessary that the Colombian government be willing to declare that there is indeed an internal conflict in Colombia so as to "coax" FARC and to be ready to demilitarise a zone, as the rebel group demand.By accepting the existence of an internal conflict and the demilitarisation of a zone in the south of Colombia, to begin negotiations, that is the 'Gordian knot' the government is seeking to untie to have a preliminary meeting with the guerrilla.Uribe who began his second term of four years in office (2006- 2010) on 7 August last, announced that he would seek a peace agreement with the armed group, but without setting aside his policy on security.The head of state who put in place a policy of total war against rebels groups claims he can conquer them through military means; he has thus taken steps to strengthen the armed forces, the setting up of a network of informers and also of paid informers.For 41 years, Colombia has been the victim of an armed struggle between rebels, extreme right - wing paramilitaries, and the forces of the State. This conflict has caused the deaths of 100,000 people, mainly civilians.

Community radio presenter gunned down near Cali

11/8/2006 - RSF

Reporters Without Borders voiced outrage today at the murder of Miltón Fabián Sánchez in Yumbo, a town near the southwestern city of Cali. A presenter for community radio station Yumbo Estéreo, Sánchez was shot on 9 August by hooded gunmen who got away on a motorcycle.

“We call on the attorney general’s office to quickly investigate this murder, giving priority to the possibility that it was linked to the victim’s work as a journalist,” the press freedom organisation said. “The facts must be established and the case must be pursued to the end, until those responsible have been convicted and punished, as there is too much impunity for the instigators of murders such as this one.”

Aged 37, Sánchez was shot three times outside his home on the evening of 9 August. He was rushed to La Buena Esperanza hospital in Yumbo and then to El Valle University hospital, where he died of his injuries yesterday morning. Security officials of the department of El Valle held an immediate meeting, announcing a 23-hour curfew for minors and imposing curbs on the use of motorcycles.

Sánchez had worked for Estéreo Yumbo since 2004, presenting programmes that dealt with such issues as human rights, politics, public services and violent crime. His preference for community issues was linked to his interest in the Yambo municipal council’s community action programme and the fact that he ran the council’s press office under the previous administration.

The Cali police chief, Col. Orlando Vivas, said the motive had not yet been established and could just as easily be linked to his personal life as his work as a journalist. Estéreo Yumbo director Rodrigo Mosquera said he was unaware of Sánchez belonging to any group, political or otherwise.

Sánchez is the second journalist to have been killed in Colombia since January 2005. A total of 69 others have received threats, which have forced some of them to flee the country.

 

At least 100.000 signatures for Ingrid Betancourt

21/7/2006 - Caracol Radio

The Ingrid Betancourt support committee in Paris has set up a stand on the banks of the Seine and hope to collect at least 100,000 signatures in favour of releasing the former presidential candidate kidnapped by FARC in 2002.


The stand, where traditional Colombian produce will be sold in aid of the committee, was launched when the Paris beach was opened: the beach will be open until 20 august and is funded by the Paris municipality for the benefit and relief of both tourists and Parisians.

During this period, members of the committee hope to gather 30, 000 more signatures than in 2005, when the stand was originally set up, explained its co-ordinator, Adair Lamprea, who was kidnapped along with Ingrid Betancourt but was released the following morning.

"The aim of this initiative is to make sure that people do not forget Ingrid and that the Colombian government and FARC negotiate", Lamprea stated.

During the opening ceremony of "Paris Plage", Bertrand Delanoe, Mayor of Paris, came to greet those in charge of the stand and he encouraged them in their efforts.

The French government has undertaken various initiatives to try to obtain the liberation of Ingrid Betancourt of whom there has been no news for more than four years.

 

Farc: humanitarian exchange will be established

10/7/2006 - RCN, El Tiempo de Venezuela


FARC rebels return to the matter of a humanitarian exchange of hostages for imprisoned guerrillas and state that the agreement "will be established eventually " because this is the wish of the "vast majority of the Colombian people".

In a document published on the rebel website, the Chief Commander of the Eastern wing of FARC explains that "despite efforts to win over and the offers to lessen prison sentences for those who agree to give up their weapons, the Government will eventually fall "when opposed by " the loyalty of rebels such as Simon Trinidad and Sonia, both extradited to the USA."

FARC also states that the a huge military operation " financed and directed " by the US is currently being organised in the south of the country in order to "wipe out some of the leadership of FARC and destroy the southern and eastern wings of FARC, without this objective being reached.

They indicate that discipline among their troops has allowed them to resist such actions as imprisonment in the jails of Colombia, deprived of guarantees of legal procedures and whose defence lawyers have been victimised.

They celebrate "42 years of heroic partisan struggle under the just leadership " of "Commandant Manuel Marulanda" and are proud to belong to the "oldest and most experienced rebel group in the world".

Although statistics vary, most analysts of the conflict agree that FARC hold approx 1000 persons, among them a group of about 60 "exchangeable" hostages: military, police, politicians and three Americans. Former presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, kidnapped in February 2002 alongside the vice-presidential candidate Clara Rojas is among this group.

Even though FARC continue to state their opposition to talks with the current Colombian President Alvaro Uribe, re-elected in May, they are not rejecting the idea of a humanitarian agreement.

 

Death threat for radio journalist Herbin Hoyos

6/7/2006 - RSF, CPJ Press Freedom Online, NY, El Diario (New York), Bismi.net, CPJ, Rehabology, Intnl News Security Institute

The Committee to Protect Journalists is concerned by a death threat against a Colombian journalist who interviewed accused drug traffickers awaiting extradition to the United States. Prominent radio journalist Herbin Hoyos Medina told CPJ he received an e-mail warning July 1 to leave Colombia within three days or face "consequences without precedent for your children and family." Hoyos is still in Colombia but said he was considering leaving. "We are troubled by this threat against Herbin Hoyos," said CPJ Executive Director Joel Simon. "The authorities should quickly look into it, and find those responsible. "Hoyos fled Colombia for short periods between 1998 and 2000 after receiving threats from guerrilla groups for reporting on kidnappings. He has had a permanent police bodyguard since 2002. During his weekly program on Caracol Radio in Bogotá on July 1, Hoyos aired interviews with inmates at Cómbita maximum security prison in central Boyacá province who are awaiting extradition to the United States on drug charges. That night a threatening message was posted on his Web page, (lasvocesdelsecuestro.com). The message, signed by an unknown group called "Citizens' Action and Justice Front for Freedom and Democracy," accused Hoyos of protecting criminals that have damaged the country's image. Hoyos reported the threat to the Attorney General's Office. According to local press reports, many of the people interviewed by Hoyos said that they were not prominent drug traffickers, and accused the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and Colombian authorities of setting them up. So far this year, CPJ has documented five cases of Colombian journalists forced to flee their homes because of threats and intimidation. Although journalists in Bogotá and other large urban centers work more freely than their colleagues do in the country's interior do, they also face pressure and intimidation, CPJ research shows.

Raúl Reyes: Ingrid Betancourt maakt het goed

De Telegraaf - Buitenland
Dinsdag 27 juni 2006

AMSTERDAM - Ingrid Betancourt, de Colombiaanse presidentskandidate die in 2002 werd ontvoerd, is in leven en maakt het naar omstandigheden goed. Raúl Reyes, een van de leiders van de rebellenorganisatie FARC, heeft dit gezegd in een dinsdag gepubliceerd interview met de Franse krant L'Humanité.

Reyes zei dat de FARC (Revolutionaire Strijdkrachten van Colombia) bereid zijn tot overdracht van Betancourt, drie Amerikaanse defensieaannemers en verscheidene Colombiaanse politieagenten en politici die de afgelopen zes jaar zijn ontvoerd. Hij stelde als voorwaarde dat de Colombiaanse regering bereid is tot serieuze onderhandelingen.

De Colombiaanse autoriteiten proberen al lange tijd met steun van Spanje, Frankrijk en Zwitserland de vrijlating te bewerkstelligen van ongeveer zestig gijzelaars die door de FARC worden vastgehouden. In ruil voor de in vrijheidstelling van de gijzelaars zouden tientallen gedetineerde rebellen op vrije voeten komen.

De FARC-leiding verwierp evenwel eerder dit jaar het aanbod van de regering en zei nooit en te nimmer een overeenkomst te zullen sluiten met president Alvare Uribe. Dat Reyes nu zegt dat de FARC wel bereid is tot een overeenkomst, betekent dat de rebellen kennelijk afstand doen van hun eerdere standpunt. Politieke waarnemers zien in de ommezwaai een teken dat de FARC-leiders zich neerleggen bij de politieke realiteit. Uribe won vorige maand overweldigend de presidentsverkiezingen.

De familie Betancourt heeft sinds 2003 geen enkel teken van leven van de in 1961 geboren Ingrid Betancourt ontvangen. Hervé Marro, leider van een Frans steuncomité voor Betancourt, zei sceptisch te zijn over de verklaring van Reyes. "Wij zijn al zo vaak teleurgesteld", aldus Marro. "Als hij zegt dat zij het goed maakt, geef ons dan een bewijs."

 

 

 

A president's chance to improve Colombia

22/6/2006 - ISN Security Watch

Alvaro Uribe’s re-election has guaranteed him a spot in history. He is the first Colombian president to serve two consecutive terms. Winning in the first round of voting, Uribe received a strong mandate, selected by over 60 percent of those who voted. Colombians believe Uribe can deliver more security to Colombia, but it is not clear if in four years he can enact dramatic improvements in Colombia’s perennially worrisome security situation.

Notable security achievements from Uribe’s last term include bringing Colombia’s “other” revolutionary group, the National Liberation Front (ELN), to the negotiating table. Current talks underway in Cuba began last December and are in a third round, which indicates at the very least that there has been some progress.

More controversial, however, is the Justice and Peace law that created the legal framework around Colombia’s paramilitary disarmament process. In truth thousands of paramilitary soldiers have disarmed and entered into a demobilization and reintegration program, which looks good on paper but is lacking in practice, primarily due to funding issues.

As months dwindled to weeks before the Colombian presidential elections, an increase in attacks from Colombia’s primary revolutionary group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), picked up in areas that Uribe had targeted for increased security, namely the Putamayo, Narino, and Meta departments.

The FARC’s strategy was to use an increase in attacks to prove to the Colombian voting public that Uribe had not brought more security to the country. While the FARC did not prevent Uribe’s re-election, they may have scared many Colombians from traveling to voting centers around the country.

The infamous paramilitary disarmament process, upon close scrutiny, was revealed by Colombian and international press as a hollow process whereby paramilitary chieftains were able to trade in some of their soldiers for protection, under Colombian law, from extradition to the US. Extraditions requests are ongoing, with the US maintaining pressure to extradite what the US Department of State identifies as Colombian narco-terrorists.

At the same time, paramilitary chieftains, especially in the northeastern departments and border areas with Venezuela, have strengthened their grip on the control of political systems at the municipal and departmental level. Paramilitary involvement in Colombian politics, especially the paramilitaries’ implied involvement in President Uribe’s political coalition indicates the disarmament process may have led to, more than anything else, the increased participation of paramilitary chieftains in Colombian politics.

And so with a questionable security record, President Uribe moves into his next term of office. Just two days after his election on 30 May, Uribe made an offer to explore peace with the FARC. It is quite clear that Uribe would benefit politically from engaging the FARC across the negotiating table rather than down the barrel of a gun. But is hard to see what the FARC could possibly win from such efforts. Nor is it clear that the FARC is in a talking mood.

Yet Uribe’s intentions may at least be honest. He recently met with Alvaro Leva, who is known in Colombia as one of the few politicians that actually corresponds regularly with the FARC leadership secretariat. It is highly likely the conversation focused on ways the Uribe administration could coerce the FARC into peace talks.

Meanwhile, the FARC has made public its disappointment with the ELN. For years, analysts have believed that the ELN and the FARC were working in concert to produce and export Colombian cocaine to the US market. The ELN’s decision to begin peace talks with the Uribe administration put a strain on FARC-ELN relations.

The truce formally broke on 11 June when the FARC issued a statement that declared an official split between the FARC and the ELN. This announcement followed violence between the two groups in Colombia’s Arauca department on the border with Venezuela. Colombian authorities tabled the possibility that the two groups are battling over smuggling routes into Venezuela.

Since paramilitary chieftain Victor Mejia disarmed his group in Arauca, a security vacuum left in the countryside has been filled by the ELN, which has traditionally been strong in Arauca. Now, it is possible the FARC is seeking to move in on this territory, opening another smuggling route out of Colombia.

Alleged links between the FARC and Venezuela’s National Guard further strengthen the belief that certain units within the FARC have begun to focus more on exporting cocaine through Venezuela.

Looking ahead, Uribe has three primary responsibilities.

First, he must work to go beyond statements and rhetoric and actually increase security in Colombia’s rural cities and towns. On 5 June, Uribe announced he would add 40,000 police officers to the payroll to boost security in rural areas. However, it is unclear if an increased police presence would deter the FARC or paramilitaries entrenched in their respective cities, towns, and encampments.

Second, Uribe must work to manage the Colombian economy vis-à-vis the country’s regional leadership role. A fresh free trade agreement with the US certainly helps, but Uribe must look beyond his relationship with Washington and focus on Colombia’s leadership role in a struggling Andean environment where trade and security issues have threatened to dissolve the Andean Community of Nations (CAN).

Finally, Alvaro Uribe must work to lift Colombians from poverty, marginalization, and misery. It is quite clear that focusing on a hard-handed, military strategy to protect Colombians is not the best solution. Of all the policy options available, one that integrates a prudent level of military and police force with pragmatic economic packages and simple job stimulation will put Uribe on a path to success.

As a historical president in Colombia and South America, Uribe has an opportunity to introduce creative policy options that make a departure from stagnated and failed policies such as fumigation and direct military confrontation. Uribe owes it to his constituency to give them better in this term than the last. What remains to be seen is if Uribe follows through on making Colombia truly a better place to live or presides over another four years of mediocre administration.

Commentary by Sam Logan for ISN Security Watch. Sam Logan (www.samuellogan.com) is an investigative journalist who has reported on security, energy, politics, economics, organized crime, terrorism, and black markets in Latin America since 1999. He is currently completing his work on "Nice Guys Die First," a forthcoming non-fiction narrative about organized crime in Brazil.

 

Coca Production increases in Colombia

19/6/2006 - Le Figaro, MAA, The Guardian

A key component of the U.S.-backed war on drugs appears to be failing.

Despite record drug seizures and spraying of herbicides, production of the plant used to make cocaine increased by 8 percent in Colombia, to 330 square miles, the United Nations said Tuesday - even as authorities sprayed coca fields totaling 25 times the size of Manhattan

The findings come on the heels of a similar report in April by the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy, which showed Colombia's coca production skyrocketed 26 percent from 2004 to 2005, in part due to a near-doubling of the area surveyed.

The two reports are the strongest evidence yet that a cornerstone of the U.S.-led war on drugs - the aerial fumigation of coca fields - is failing to meet its goal of halving coca production in the Andes.

The results may hamper efforts by President Alvaro Uribe to win additional U.S. backing for Plan Colombia, the anti-drug strategy that has cost American taxpayers $4 billion since 2000.

The report by the U.N. Office of Drugs and Crime said Colombian coca production expanded for the first time in five years, by 23 square miles.

``If this is the start of a return to much higher levels of coca, then it will be a problem,'' the U.N. agency's executive director Antonio Maria Costa told a news conference in Bogota.

``But I don't think that will happen. The government has every intention to continue its eradication efforts at the same high level as the past few years.''

Partially offsetting the rise in Colombian production were declines in the world's two other coca-producing countries, Bolivia and Peru.

Overall, coca production in the Andean region rose 1 percent, to 616 square miles from 2004, according to the U.N.'s Andean coca survey.

In Colombia, the world's largest cocaine producer, the biggest increases were in the lawless, largely uninhabited jungles near its borders with Venezuela and Ecuador.

The spread of the coca frontier eastward toward Venezuela is in line with comments by U.S. anti-drug officials who have alleged that corruption within the government of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez may be converting Colombia's neighbor into a major drug route.

Colombia is believed to be the source of 90 percent of the cocaine consumed in the United States.

Last year, the government eradicated a record 656 square miles of coca, mainly through aerial spraying of the herbicide glyphosate, up from 529 square miles in 2004.

But with drug traffickers developing techniques to better camouflage illegal crops and increase yields, Uribe has asked the Bush administration to boost financing for fumigation efforts.

However, key members of the U.S. Congress and growing numbers of Colombians have suggested it may be time to give up the potentially environmentally harmful practice in favor of alternative economic programs for the poor farmers who grow coca on behalf of the country's cartels.

Currently about a third of the roughly $700 million in annual U.S. aid to Colombia funds economic and social development programs.

Although production is on the rise in Colombia, the U.N. said it declined in Peru and Bolivia.

Coca production in Bolivia fell by 8 percent last year, according to the U.N. The United States, however, is concerned Bolivia's leftist, coca-growing President Evo Morales - who took office in January - could relax his country's drug-fighting efforts.

In Peru, the world's second-largest cocaine producer, the coca crop declined by 4 percent.

The apparent declines differ widely from findings by the United States, based more heavily on satellite imagery, which estimated coca plantings grew by 38 percent in Peru and nearly 10 percent in Bolivia last year.

For anti-drug efforts to be successful, Costa said the United States and Europe must curb cocaine consumption and support alternative crop development programs in South America.

``Our aid efforts need to be multiplied at least tenfold in order to reach all impoverished farmers who need support,'' he said in a statement.

 

President Uribe meets Alvaro Leyva

President Uribe meets Alvaro Leyva in order to establish contacts with FARC.

12/6/2006 - Europa Press, RCN

Colombian President Alavaro Uribe has met Alvaro Leyva, his former opponent in the recent presidential elections. Leyva had acted as a facilitator some years ago between the Colombian government and FARC.

According to local media reports, both men met in Government offices at the invitation of Uribe who proposed to set up contact with FARC. Luis Carlos Rostrepo, High Commissioner for Peace and Fabio Valencia, presidential adviser took part in the meeting which was held after a political campaign in which Leyva had severely criticised Uribe, in particular for his policies on security and his stance on the internal armed conflict, as reported by Radio Caracol.

Former minister Leyva withdrew from the election as a member of the "National Movement for Reconciliation " two weeks before the elections held on 28 may last.

The head of state announced two weeks ago that he was ready to begin his second term in office which he would begin on 7 August next with efforts to establish steps towards peace with FARC.

FARC are offering to exchange by means of a humanitarian agreement sixty hostages who they hold for about 500 imprisoned rebels. The hostages include non-commissioned and commissioned officers from the army, politicians, foreigners (three Americans), some of whom have been held for more than eight years. Ingrid Betancourt and Clara Rojas are among the political hostages.

Leyva, who promised during his campaign that he would " stop the war in six months" was a facilitator in 1982 and 1998 in peace efforts that allowed the then leaders to begin a peace process that did not succeed.

 

A letter from Colombia to President Chirac

3/6/2006 - Asfamipaz

Yesterday in a letter addressed to the French government and all the Ingrid Betancourt support committees, the association of families of those held hostage, ASFAMIPAZ "thanked them sincerely for all their support".

Dear Sirs,

To the French Government and Ingrid Betancourt committees worldwide

Please receive our warmest and sincerest greetings, from my beautiful country, Colombia.

I'm writing to thank you very much for all the support you give us. Colombia and all Colombians need people who show so much heartfelt interest in helping peace return to my country.

We are extremely grateful to you for assisting the thousands of families who are going through such difficult times. Thank you for helping us find ways that will lead us to a real peace where kidnapping and hostage taking will be ended.

Together all the nations of the world will show us the way to live without fear, to live as Jesus always said, as brothers in heart and mind.

That is why we ask you to continue to help us in the dreadful situation experienced by mothers, fathers and sons of 34 military personnel kidnapped eight years ago, and who are supported by my association as well as the families of the 3000 civilians kidnapped in my country.

We believe in a politically negotiated solution, and as parents, have always rejected proposals from our government that has often insisted on launching military rescue operations - because we know that this would mean certain death for those who, in serving their country, now find themselves in this terrible hostage situation.

We ask you, as a member of the European Union, to urge our President Alvaro Uribe to negotiate a humanitarian agreement with FARC because we are terrified by the arduous conditions experienced by our loved ones and we fear their health may have seriously deteriorated throughout these long years.

Mr Chirac, we wish to thank you very specially for having sent such an important request to our President, Alvaro Uribe on the day of his re-election as President.

Thank you for sharing the burden of anguish and suffering with our families whose loved ones are in such a cruel situation.

Members of committees, may God and His Mother bless and inspire you so that you may continue this humanitarian task, which brings peace to the heart of all our suffering mothers.

With love and respect,

Melba Pacheco Mondragón
Spokesperson for ASFAMIPAZ
Cali Valle
Colombia.

 

President met 'harde hand en groot hart'

de Volkskrant, 30 mei 2006
door Iñaki Oñorbe Genovesi

Vier jaar was niet genoeg voor Álvaro Uribe om zijn honderd actiepunten uit te voeren. Dus liet hij zich herkiezen voor nog een termijn. Het geheim van de president van Colombia: niet drinken, niet dansen.

Washington kan even opgelucht ademhalen. De Bolivariaanse Revolutie die de Venezolaanse president Hugo Chávez in Latijns Amerika heeft ontketend, heeft in Colombia geen vervolg gekregen. President Álvaro Uribe moet niks hebben van het radicaal linkse gedachtegoed en de anti-Amerikaanse gevoelens die Venezuela en Bolivia hebben veroverd en ook Ecuador en Peru sterk beïnvloeden.
Of de ruim zeven miljoen Colombianen die zondag op Uribe hebben gestemd er net zo over denken als hun president? Het is onwaarschijnlijk. Vooral de Colombiaanse ontheemden en boeren trekken niet altijd profijt van Uribes politiek van Democratische Veiligheid en zijn onvoorwaardelijke steun aan de door de Verenigde Staten gesteunde anti-drugsstrijd Plan Colombia.
Maar ook zij kozen voor de man die vier jaar geleden een nieuwe regeerstijl introduceerde en de Colombianen warm maakte voor zijn belofte van ‘een harde hand en een groot hart’, in een poging het land na ruim veertig jaar weer vrede, rust en vertrouwen te schenken.
Om die belofte gestalte te geven, stelde Uribe een lijst op van honderd actiepunten die ertoe leidden dat grote delen van het land werden heroverd op de linkse rebellen, de rechtse paramilitairen en de drugskartels. Bovendien kreeg de nationale economie een stevige impuls.
Maar al snel bemerkte Uribe dat zelfs werkdagen van meer dan zestien uur niet volstonden om zijn ambitieuze plannen binnen vier jaar te voltooien. Dus bedacht hij een wetswijziging om zijn herverkiezing en een verlenging van zijn Democratische Veiligheid tot 2010 mogelijk te maken. Het kwam Uribe op stevige kritiek te staan, naast de verwijten dat hij de ogen dichtknijpt voor het schenden van mensenrechten door het leger en paramilitairen. En dan zijn er nog de magere resultaten in de strijd tegen de drugskartels.
Het aantal Colombiaanse cocavelden nam ondanks honderden miljoenen Amerikaanse dollars aan sproeivliegtuigen en anti-drugsbataljons toe. Bovendien zijn veel Colombianen niet vergeten hoe de VS in 2004 te hulp moesten schieten om documenten die Uribe in verband brachten met de notoire drugsbaron Pablo Escobar als ‘onbetrouwbaar’ af te doen.
Uribe laat meestal de kritieken langs zich heen glijden. Maar als El Teflón zijn opponenten dan toch van repliek dient, verandert de kleine man met het vriendelijke studentikoze gezicht in een bom van strijdbare woorden. Gepassioneerd staat de 53-jarige advocaat, die zijn opleiding afrondde aan Harvard en Oxford, pal voor zijn ideeën. Gezegend met een ijzeren geheugen reciteert Uribe hele redevoeringen, gedichten en historische uitspraken.
Bovendien vergeet hij nooit gezichten en namen van mensen die hij ontmoet tijdens zijn vele werkbezoeken. Als leider van Colombia heeft Uribe het zijn gewoonte gemaakt elk weekeinde een andere regio te bezoeken. Hij bezoekt er projecten, eist er resultaten of roept bestuurders publiekelijk ter verantwoording.
Dat die werkbezoeken niet zonder risico zijn, lijkt Uribe niet te deren. Ook al heeft hij diverse aanslagen op zijn leven ternauwernood overleefd. Uribe omringt zich met ruim vijftig lijfwachten en hoopt het gewelddadige lot van zijn vader Alberto Uribe Sierra te ontlopen. Die stierf in 1983 toen hij zich tegen een ontvoeringpoging door strijders van de FARC verzette, een drama dat Uribe de politiek zou hebben ingedreven.
Zo werd hij burgemeester van Medellin, gouverneur van Antioquia en senator. Zonder daarbij zijn landgoederen in Antioquia en Córdoba, die hij het liefst te paard bestiert, uit het oog te verliezen. Waar hij de tijd vandaan haalt? Uribe houdt niet van dansen en drinken. Wat zijn landgenoten – liefhebbers van Shakira, Juanes en aguardiente – maar niet van hun populaire president kunnen bevatten.

Washington kan even opgelucht ademhalen. De Bolivariaanse Revolutie die de Venezolaanse president Hugo Chávez in Latijns Amerika heeft ontketend, heeft in Colombia geen vervolg gekregen. President Álvaro Uribe moet niks hebben van het radicaal linkse gedachtegoed en de anti-Amerikaanse gevoelens die Venezuela en Bolivia hebben veroverd en ook Ecuador en Peru sterk beïnvloeden.
Of de ruim zeven miljoen Colombianen die zondag op Uribe hebben gestemd er net zo over denken als hun president? Het is onwaarschijnlijk. Vooral de Colombiaanse ontheemden en boeren trekken niet altijd profijt van Uribes politiek van Democratische Veiligheid en zijn onvoorwaardelijke steun aan de door de Verenigde Staten gesteunde anti-drugsstrijd Plan Colombia.
Maar ook zij kozen voor de man die vier jaar geleden een nieuwe regeerstijl introduceerde en de Colombianen warm maakte voor zijn belofte van ‘een harde hand en een groot hart’, in een poging het land na ruim veertig jaar weer vrede, rust en vertrouwen te schenken.
Om die belofte gestalte te geven, stelde Uribe een lijst op van honderd actiepunten die ertoe leidden dat grote delen van het land werden heroverd op de linkse rebellen, de rechtse paramilitairen en de drugskartels. Bovendien kreeg de nationale economie een stevige impuls.
Maar al snel bemerkte Uribe dat zelfs werkdagen van meer dan zestien uur niet volstonden om zijn ambitieuze plannen binnen vier jaar te voltooien. Dus bedacht hij een wetswijziging om zijn herverkiezing en een verlenging van zijn Democratische Veiligheid tot 2010 mogelijk te maken. Het kwam Uribe op stevige kritiek te staan, naast de verwijten dat hij de ogen dichtknijpt voor het schenden van mensenrechten door het leger en paramilitairen. En dan zijn er nog de magere resultaten in de strijd tegen de drugskartels.
Het aantal Colombiaanse cocavelden nam ondanks honderden miljoenen Amerikaanse dollars aan sproeivliegtuigen en anti-drugsbataljons toe. Bovendien zijn veel Colombianen niet vergeten hoe de VS in 2004 te hulp moesten schieten om documenten die Uribe in verband brachten met de notoire drugsbaron Pablo Escobar als ‘onbetrouwbaar’ af te doen.
Uribe laat meestal de kritieken langs zich heen glijden. Maar als El Teflón zijn opponenten dan toch van repliek dient, verandert de kleine man met het vriendelijke studentikoze gezicht in een bom van strijdbare woorden. Gepassioneerd staat de 53-jarige advocaat, die zijn opleiding afrondde aan Harvard en Oxford, pal voor zijn ideeën. Gezegend met een ijzeren geheugen reciteert Uribe hele redevoeringen, gedichten en historische uitspraken.
Bovendien vergeet hij nooit gezichten en namen van mensen die hij ontmoet tijdens zijn vele werkbezoeken. Als leider van Colombia heeft Uribe het zijn gewoonte gemaakt elk weekeinde een andere regio te bezoeken. Hij bezoekt er projecten, eist er resultaten of roept bestuurders publiekelijk ter verantwoording.
Dat die werkbezoeken niet zonder risico zijn, lijkt Uribe niet te deren. Ook al heeft hij diverse aanslagen op zijn leven ternauwernood overleefd. Uribe omringt zich met ruim vijftig lijfwachten en hoopt het gewelddadige lot van zijn vader Alberto Uribe Sierra te ontlopen. Die stierf in 1983 toen hij zich tegen een ontvoeringpoging door strijders van de FARC verzette, een drama dat Uribe de politiek zou hebben ingedreven.
Zo werd hij burgemeester van Medellin, gouverneur van Antioquia en senator. Zonder daarbij zijn landgoederen in Antioquia en Córdoba, die hij het liefst te paard bestiert, uit het oog te verliezen. Waar hij de tijd vandaan haalt? Uribe houdt niet van dansen en drinken. Wat zijn landgenoten – liefhebbers van Shakira, Juanes en aguardiente – maar niet van hun populaire president kunnen bevatten.

Colombia kiest weer voor Uribe

de Volkskrant, 30 mei 2006
Van onze buitenlandredactie
AMSTERDAM - De Colombiaanse president Álvaro Uribe is zondag, zoals verwacht, herkozen. Uribe kreeg ruim 62 procent van de stemmen. Dat was ruimschoots voldoende om al in de eerste ronde een tweede termijn veilig te stellen.Uribe (53) is de eerste president sinds Rafael Nuñez in 1892 die is herkozen. Vorig jaar kreeg hij een grondwetswijziging door het Colombiaanse parlement die hem in staat stelde zich herkiesbaar te stellen. Ook het Constitutionele hof bekrachtigde de wijziging, zij het na enig aarzelen.De Colombianen brachten zondag ongestoord hun stem uit. Geweld werd niet gemeld, maar het leger zei zaterdag en zondag bij gevechten met de linkse guerrillabeweging FARC twaalf rebellen te hebben gedood. Drie soldaten raakten gewond. Voorafgaand aan de verkiezingen had de FARC de Colombianen opgeroepen tegen Uribe te stemmen.Meer dan 200 duizend soldaten bewaakten de stembureaus, winkelcentra en andere mogelijke doelwitten van de rebellen. De hoofdstad Bogota deed voor en tijdens de verkiezingen denken aan de Iraakse hoofdstad Bagdad: tanks reden door de straten en zwaarbewapende soldaten fouilleerden automobilisten bij controleposten.Van een verkiezingscampagne was de voorbije weken nauwelijks sprake, nadat Uribe had besloten zijn tegenstanders te negeren. Hij noemde ze niet en weigerde met hen in debat te gaan. Wel was de campagne voor de elecciones presidenciales volgens deskundigen de vreedzaamste in ruim tien jaar.Uribe (53) dankt zijn zege in de verkiezingen vooral aan de wijze waarop hij in zijn eerste termijn, die in augustus 2002 begon, het geweld in Colombia heeft aangepakt. Ook heeft Uribe duizenden paramilitairen zo ver gekregen dat ze de wapens inleveren. Uribe is er echter nog niet in geslaagd een einde te maken aan de activiteiten van de linkse guerrillabewegingen FARC en ELN.Het is Uribe gelukt het ELN tot vredesoverleg over te halen, maar een vredesakkoord is nog niet ophanden. Bovendien legt het ELN minder gewicht in de schaal dan de veel grotere FARC. De ELN telt naar schatting vierduizend rebellen, de FARC zo’n zeventienduizend guerrillastrijders.Herhaalde oproepen aan de FARC tot vredesoverleg leverden tot dusver niets op. De kopstukken van de rebellengroep hebben laten weten dat ze niets verwachten van onderhandelingen met een president die zulke nauwe banden met het Witte Huis heeft.Uribe is een overtuigd aanhanger van de door de Verenigde Staten bepleite Vrijhandelszone voor Amerika. Bovendien werkt hij nauw samen met de regering-Bush in ‘Plan Colombia’, de strijd tegen de drugskartels.

Presidential elections in Colombia

Colombia vote seen as referendum on rebel crackdown

28/5/2006 - Le Monde, Deutsche Welle, Monsters and Critics.com

Colombians yearning for stability after decades of civil war seem likely to give President Alvaro Uribe another four years in power, though his hard-line tactics are controversial.

Polls ahead of Sunday's presidential election give Uribe between 57 per cent and 61 per cent of the vote, enough to avoid a runoff against a rival who touts himself as a left-leaning alternative.

Still, Uribe's US-friendly policies have not solved the nation's underlying problems - a four-decade-old civil war and Colombia's role as the biggest exporter of cocaine.

The largest anti-government guerrilla group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), has been weakened thanks to billions of dollars in US military aid, but is anything but defeated.

The Marxist group's huge income from the illegal drug trade - much of it fuelled by cocaine demand in the United States - allows the guerrillas to hold their ground in the face of a military crackdown unleashed by Uribe.

Though the guerrillas lack broad popular support, Colombian troops are victims in a war of attrition against a largely invisible foe. Most casualties are caused by landmines, not armed clashes.

Negotiations on an exchange of captured FARC rebels for high- ranking officials being held hostage by the FARC, including former presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, have stalled.

Meanwhile, land use to grow drug crops is increasing despite massive spraying from the air and risky operations to clear the crops by hand.

Uribe's declared first-term successes include the disbanding of a notorious right-wing paramilitary group, the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC). He also signed a free-trade deal with the United States in February.

But while AUC leaders have been convicted for murder, drug trafficking and driving civilians from their homes, the United Nations and human rights groups have criticized their light prison sentences as a veiled amnesty.

In addition, AUC commanders have grabbed some 4 million hectares of land, and in the drug regions thousands of former paramilitaries are switching to the drug lords' camps.

One development expert has warned of a disaster if no legal jobs are found soon for the 31,000 demobilized right-wing fighters.

Uribe's strongest competitor is centre-left candidate Carlos Gaviria, who is polling about 20 per cent. He and other candidates would force a runoff if they pull Uribe's total below 50 per cent on Sunday.

Gaviria wants to confront the social causes of Colombia's civil conflict, which he says is rooted in grinding rural poverty.

But his campaign is complicated by the fact that the police, the military and the drug lords are often entangled, especially in poor and remote areas.

 

Uribe dankt populariteit aan harde hand

De harde hand van president Álvaro Uribe tegen de gewapende groepen in Colombia heeft het land veiliger gemaakt, zeggen veel Colombianen. Zijn herverkiezing, morgen, lijkt verzekerd.

NRC 27 mei 2006
Door onze correspondent Marcel Haenen

BOGOTÁ, 27 MEI. De handel van Fernando zit in een kinderwagen die vernuftig is omgebouwd tot mobiele snoep- en sigarettenwinkel. Hij trekt ermee door de Colombiaanse hoofdstad Bogotá. Op zijn blauwe hesje staat dat je bij hem ook een mobiele telefoon kan huren voor een kwartje per lokaal gesprek. „Uribe, honderd procent", antwoordt hij nog voordat de vraag goed en wel gesteld is.
Ook de moeder en dochter die in de Juan Valdez-winkel koffie drinken, geven kordaat eensluidend antwoord op de vraag op wie ze bij de presidentsverkiezingen van zondag gaan stemmen. „Uribe, want dank zij hem is de veiligheid in Colombia aanmerkelijk verbeterd. Vorige maand zijn we voor het eerst in vijftien jaar met de auto van Bogotá naar mijn zus in Medellín gereden", zegt de oudste vrouw. „Tot voor enkele jaren stonden de terroristen aan de rand van de stad. Nu heb ik bewegingsvrijheid", verklaart ook Fernando.
Colombia kiest morgen een nieuwe president en niemand twijfelt eraan dat het de oude wordt. De 53-jarige Álvaro Uribe – sinds 2002 president van het 41 miljoen inwoners tellende Colombia – zal volgens alle peilingen zijn politieke tegenstanders gaan verpletteren. Uribe staat in de enquêtes op zo’n zestig procent van de stemmen en zal naar verwachting in één ronde zegevieren. Het is de eerste herverkiezing van een president in 64 jaar, de grondwet is er speciaal voor aangepast om het mogelijk te maken.
De conservatieve Uribe heeft zich tijdens zijn bewind onderscheiden met wat hij zelf „de politiek van de harde hand" noemt. In het gewelddadige land waar de bevolking al meer dan veertig jaar wordt geterroriseerd door linkse guerrillagroepen, rechtse paramilitaire eenheden en gewone drugshandelaren koos Uribe voor de frontale aanval. Zijn voornaamste daad is de ontwapening van de 20.000 paramilitairen. De volgende ambtstermijn moeten de ongeveer evenveel strijders van groepen als ELN en Farc onschadelijk worden gemaakt.
Die strategie spreekt de Colombianen, die oorlogsmoe zijn, aan. Het aantal ontvoeringen is sinds 2002 van 3.041 gedaald naar 800 vorig jaar. Terreurdaden van 1.517 naar 552. Het zijn resultaten die het voor de tegenstanders lastig maken de discussie te verleggen. „Als ik president ben, zullen de onderwijzers en niet de soldaten de helden van de samenleving zijn", zegt de alternatieve linkse kandidaat Antanas Mockus. Hij staat in de peilingen op één procent.
Terwijl zijn persoonlijke lijfwacht toekijkt – de armen streng voor de borst gevouwen – vertelt Telesforo Pedraza, parlementslid en partijgenoot van Uribe, op een terrasje ook „stomverbaasd" te zijn over de enorme aanhang van zijn leider. „Links en rechts lijken zich al lang geleden te hebben neergelegd bij de winst van Uribe", zegt Pedraza.
Het kan verklaren waarom er in Bogotá vrijwel geen verkiezingsaffiche of spandoek hangt. Commentatoren klagen over historisch saaie verkiezingsmanifestaties. En Uribe is zo zelfverzekerd dat hij hooghartig deelname aan debatten met zijn tegenstanders afwijst. Volgens Pedraza zullen naar verwachting slechts 9 van de 26 miljoen stemgerechtigde Colombianen morgen de moeite nemen te gaan stemmen.
De linkse kandidaat en tweede in de peilingen Carlos Gaviria – de man die wegens zijn witte baard Vadertje Kerst wordt genoemd – noemt het laf. Hij wil praten over mensenrechten en armoedebestrijding. Maar Gaviria krijgt volgens de peilingen maar twintig procent van de stemmen. De 69-jarige Gaviria was de hoogleraar rechten van Uribe. Die prees zijn leermeester tot tien jaar geleden nog wegens diens rechtschapenheid. Maar nu beschuldigt Uribe zijn tegenstander ervan te heulen met communisten.
Ondanks successen is Colombia onder Uribe allerminst een normaal veilig land geworden. De journaals ademen dagelijks onveranderlijk dood en verderf. Parlementariër Pedraza begint aan een lange opsomming van de laatste berichten van het front. Acht mensen sterven in een mijnenveld van de Farc, een gemeenteraadslid wordt vermoord, drie kinderen laten het leven nadat ze een oude granaat oppakten, negen bussen zijn in brand gestoken en de belangrijkste havenstad Buenaventura zit drie dagen zonder elektriciteit na aanslagen van de guerrilla.
„Maar Uribe straalt in ieder geval het beeld uit dat het in Colombia veel beter gaat. De mensen voelen zich veiliger en dat leidt tot meer mobiliteit en het aantrekken van buitenlandse investeerders", aldus Pedraza. De economie groeit gemiddeld met vijf procent.
Uribe maakt bovendien indruk als een niet aflatende werker die zich met alle dossiers bemoeit. En alles weet. Ieder weekeinde organiseert hij in het binnenland volksvergaderingen waar bewoners zich met klachten tot hem kunnen wenden. De president kleedt zich voor die gelegenheden als een gewone plattelander met hoed. Als een weg niet is aangelegd of het dak van de dorpsschool lekt, worden de verantwoordelijke bewindslieden – die ook meereizen – publiekelijk door Uribe ter verantwoording geroepen.
Het is het soort populisme waar ook zijn linkerbuurman Chávez in Venezuela mee scoort. En als er wat misgaat, rekent de bevolking het Uribe niet aan. Recente omvangrijke corruptieschandalen hebben geen effect gehad in de peilingen. „Uribe is de Teflonpresident: niets kleeft aan hem."
Bij de oppositie troosten ze zich door te wijzen op de ongebruikelijk grote aanhang die links ondanks alles trekt. „De linkse kandidaten halen nu zo’n 35 procent van de stemmen. Dat is nog nooit vertoond", zegt León Valencia. Hij zat tot 1994 in de leiding van guerrillagroep ELN en steunt nu kandidaat Gaviria.
Ook Valencia geeft toe dat het veiliger is geworden in zijn land. „Maar het vergt enorme financiële investeringen. En alleen in de steden en langs grote wegen is het door de massale aanwezigheid van veiligheidstroepen beter geworden. Dat resultaat staat in geen verhouding tot de kosten."
Volgens de Colombiaanse oppositie is het beter om te proberen via serieuze onderhandelingen de gewapende groepen uit te schakelen. „Het land moet meer regionaal integreren, meer contact zoeken met Europa en het vrijhandelsverdrag dat Uribe tekende met de Verenigde Staten moet van tafel", zegt Valencia.
De ex-guerrillero zegt dat zijn land ook geen andere keus heeft. De economie groeit niet altijd zo voorspoedig. En de 600 miljoen euro die Colombia nu als speciale regionale bondgenoot van de Verenigde Staten jaarlijks krijgt van Bush is volgens hem ook een aflopende zaak. „De Republikeinen zijn in de VS aan de verliezende hand en de Democraten zullen voor een andere politiek in de regio kiezen. Het roer moet in Colombia dus hoe dan ook om."
Maar de tegenstanders van de president weten dat ze met dit beleid naar alle waarschijnlijkheid tot het jaar 2010 moeten wachten. Dan mag Uribe niet meer mee doen.
Miljoenen Colombianen van huis verdreven
Na Soedan is Colombia het land met de meeste ontheemden (mensen die in eigen land op de vlucht zijn voor geweld, burgeroorlogen of rampen).
Naar schatting zijn zo’n tweeënhalf miljoen Colombianen van huis en haard verdreven door ruim veertig jaar burgeroorlog tussen regeringstroepen, linkse guerrillastrijders en rechtse paramilitaire groepen.
Over nauwkeurige cijfers beschikken de Colombiaanse regering noch de VN-Vluchtelingenorganisatie UNHCR. In 2001 werd het aantal zogenoemde Internally Displaced Persons (IDP’s) geschat op 700.000, vier jaar later was het cijfer ruim verdrievoudigd.
De ontheemden vormen een bijzonder kwetsbare groep in Colombia. Velen van hen wonen in krottenwijken rond de grote steden, in erbarmelijke omstandigheden. Volgens officiële studies heeft meer dan de helft geen toegang tot gezondheidszorg.
Veel ontheemden zijn gevlucht voor intimidatie en geweld, of ze zijn naar de stad getrokken omdat hun akkers besproeid zijn met chemicaliën in de strijd tegen de drugsteelt.
Veel Indiaanse gemeenschappen dreigen te verdwijnen doordat gewapende groepen hen van hun land verdrijven.
President Uribe heeft terugkeer van de ontheemden naar hun streek van herkomst tot prioriteit gemaakt. Zijn regering heeft 2,2 miljard dollar uitgetrokken voor steun aan de ontheemden.
De afgelopen jaren zijn ook steeds meer Colombianen naar het buitenland gevlucht, vooral naar Costa Rica en Ecuador, maar ook naar Panama, Venezuela, de Verenigde Staten en Europa.


copyright NRC

Presidentsverkiezingen in Colombia

El Teflón twijfelt niet en de kiezer ook niet
de Volkskrant 26 mei 2006
Van onze verslaggever Iñaki Oñorbe Genovesi
Zondag gaat Colombia naar de stembus om een nieuwe president te kiezen. Álvaro Uribe is zo goed als zeker van zijn herverkiezing. Hij negeert zijn tegenstanders simpelweg.
De FARC adviseert Colombianen tegen Uribe te stemmen
Even was er een moment van opwinding in de Colombiaanse verkiezingscampagne. Dat was toen vorige week de professor op de Plaza de Bolívar in Bogotá de student wist te overtroeven. Presidentskandidaat Carlos Gaviria (69) kreeg het centrale plein in de Colombiaanse hoofdstad wel helemaal vol, terwijl president Álvaro Uribe (53) deze slechts voor de helft met aanhangers wist te vullen. Gaviria’s succesje tegenover zijn oud-leerling van de rechtenfaculteit van de prestigieuze Javeriana Universiteit was ook gelijk het enige hoogtepunt van de ‘elecciones presidenciales’ in Colombia.
Echt spannend wilde het de voorbije weken niet worden in de strijd om het Colombiaanse presidentschap. Geen enkele keer gingen de drie kandidaten rechtstreeks met elkaar in debat. Sterker nog, president Uribe besloot zijn tegenstanders Carlos Gaviria en Horacio Serpa (63) volkomen te negeren. Uribe zweeg als het graf over hun standpunten en weigerde zijn opponenten zelfs in zijn toespraken te noemen.
En dan hielp het ook al niet voor de spanning dat Uribe sinds weken door opiniepeilers als glansrijke winnaar wordt aangewezen. Zelfs de meest pessimistische voorspellers geven de huidige president komende zondag 55 procent van de stemmen. Gaviria en Serpa blijven royaal achter met respectievelijk 25 en 20 procent.
Ulribe lijkt al in de eerste ronde zeker te kunnen zijn van herverkiezing als president van Colombia. Een herverkiezing die hij volgens critici te danken heeft aan een wetswijziging die hij vorig jaar door het parlement wist te loodsen. Het Constitutionele hof keurde het na enig twijfelen alsnog goed.
Graag wijzen Uribe’s tegenstanders er bovendien op dat de streng optredende president nauwelijks open staat voor kritiek. Zijn aanhangers daarentegen menen dat Uribe, die in augustus 2002 aan de macht kwam, door dappere beslissingen en een harde hand het jarenlange geweld in Colombia heeft weten te temperen en de economie heeft laten opbloeien.
Uribe zelf laat intussen alle meningen langs zich heen glijden. Zozeer dat de advocaat wel eens El Teflón wordt genoemd. Uribe, een fervente katholiek – die zegt te bidden terwijl hij aan yoga doet – trekt zijn eigen plan. Ook de komende vier jaar wenst hij te hameren op zijn succesvolle én omstreden politiek van ‘Democratische Veiligheid’.
Doel van die aanpak is het versterken van de Colombiaanse staat en het weer heroveren van grote gebieden van het land op de linkse guerrillastrijders van de FARC, de paramilitairen en de drugsbaronnen. Ook is de bedoeling het lot te verbeteren van de drie miljoen ontheemden en ruim drieduizend ontvoerden in Colombia onder wie ex-presidentskandidate Ingrid Betancourt.
Daartoe is Uribe na zijn herverkiezing bereid vredesbesprekingen met de FARC te beginnen en de rebellen zelfs een groter gebied te geven dan de gedemilitariseerde zone die ze sinds 1998 in handen hebben. De FARC heeft echter al aangekondigd geen enkele behoefte te hebben om te onderhandelen, en roept de Colombianen op niet op Uribe te stemmen.
Ook veel paramilitairen lijken wantrouwend geworden. Ze aarzelen om de wapens neer te leggen sinds het Constitutionele hof recentelijk besloot aanvullende – en voor de para’s soms nadelige – voorwaarden te stellen aan de uitvoering van de Wet Gerechtigheid en Vrede, de omstreden basis voor de ontwapening en reïntegratie van de 30 duizend paramilitairen.
En dan is er nog het ‘Plan Colombia’ tegen de drugs, dat zes jaar gelegen met steun van de VS werd gelanceerd. Ondanks de 4 miljard euro die is uitgegeven aan sproeivliegtuigen en anti-narcoticabataljons zijn de drugsbaronnen nog steeds invloedrijk, en zijn er meer cocavelden bij gekomen.

Copyright:
de Volkskrant

Leven is het mooiste geschenk dat je kunt krijgen

Interview met Mélanie Delloye door Stefan van der Voort, 17 mei 2006

  artikel_Stefan_van_der_Voort_mei_2006.pdf

FARC calls to vote in Presidential elections

13/5/2006 - Nouvel Obs, La F.M.

FARC rebels are calling on the people of Colombia to vote in the presidential elections of 28 May in order to block Alvaro Uribe's re-election.

On 12 May, Paul Reyes, the FARC second in command called on their supporters to participate in the presidential elections on 28 May by voting for very other candidate except Alvaro Uribe, the current president.

"We are not against elections and we even think that at the moment it is necessary to vote in the elections and to vote for every other candidate apart from the current fascist and paramilitary president (Editor's note: Alvaro Uribe)", he stated, adding "It is not a case of giving more guarantees to the opposition but we call on all Colombians to vote because of the serious danger facing our nation should Alvaro Uribe be re-elected president".

None of the current six candidates have been endorsed by Paul Reyes as the favourite candidate of FARC.

Alvaro Uribe the favourite.

FARC have already announced several times that they refuse to take part in any talks regarding peace or a humanitarian exchange as long as they would be dealing with President Uribe, in power since 2002.

The FARC spokesperson has not ruled out in the future, in a " pluralist, patriotic and democratic" framework, its participation in a new government.

According to latest surveys, Alvaro Uribe has a comfortable lead over his rivals as the elections approach with 56% of voting intentions, as against 15% for the Liberal Party candidate (in opposition) Horacio Serpia and 13% for Carlos Gaviria, the left wing candidate.

FARC rebels number about 17,000 men. They demand the release from prison of 500 of their activists and in exchange offer freedom to 58 hostages, military and police personnel, among them three Americans and the French-Colombian Ingrid Betancourt, former Green Party candidate in the Colombian presidential elections, who was kidnapped on 23 February 2002.

 

Farc criticises ELN peace talks

Raul Reyes confirms Clara Rojas had a baby

5/5/2006 - La F.M., AnnCol

FARC spokesman Raul Reyes dismissed talks between ELN and the Colombian government and stated that such talks have "no future".

"We see no future in these talks because the government has no interest in demobilising rebel forces", Reyes stated in an interview with regional channel Telesur.

Reyes confirmed "if ELN reach an agreement with Uribe, it will be an achievement, not for that group and even less for the Colombian people but it will be a success for Uribe".

He indicated that if the ELN reached an agreement with the Colombian authorities "it would be frustrating for those people who believed in ELN…precisely because the government is one of the most reactionary that has ever been in power in the past while, a government that gives in to a foreign power".

Reyes stated, "The worst that can happen our country, for peace in our country, for respect and brotherhood with our neighbouring countries that the people of Colombia want, is for Uribe to be re-elected.

The rebel leader ruled out all hopes of talks with Uribe's government if he is re-elected in the coming elections. "As far as FARC are concerned there's no possibility of talks, because FARC cannot accept Uribe's demands because he is only interested in war".

"He is not interest in a (humanitarian) exchange, he is not interested in the prisoners whether they are members of the police, the military or political parties", he added.

Reyes recalled that the exchange of prisoners would only be possible if "all the rebels, including Simon Trinidad… and all those who can be extradited from here, can be freed on the signing of the agreement."

He pointed out that the exchange would include the three American contractors who were recently captured by FARC and whom he called "CIA agents".

"The prisoners are disheartened because they see no one is interested in the agreement. FARC made the offer of an exchange and that still holds.

Uribe has manipulated this offer, he has used it for electoral aims, he has deceived the International community and the relatives", he added.

Reyes refrained from speaking of the hostages' situation, but he only admitted that Clara Rojas, the colleague of independent presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, had indeed given birth to a son whose father is a member of FARC.

Regarding Clara, Reyes merely stated that it was "normal" that Clara should have had a relationship with the soldier.

 

Liliana Gaviria killed in Colombia

Sister of Ex-Colombian President Killed


Friday April 28, 2006 5:46 AM

AP Photo NY144

By TOBY MUSE

Associated Press Writer

BOGOTA, Colombia (AP) - The sister of former Colombian President Cesar Gaviria was killed late Thursday in a botched kidnapping that underscored fears of violence a month before national elections.

Liliana Gaviria, 52, a real estate agent, was killed by unknown assailants in the province of Risaralda, 110 miles west of Bogota.

Cesar Gaviria was president of Colombia between 1990-1994, before becoming secretary general of the Organization of American States. He currently leads the main opposition party, the Liberals.

``It pains us. It pains us greatly that such crimes occur,'' said President Alvaro Uribe, announcing a $430,000 reward for the capture of those responsible. ``The government will do all in its power to make sure this crime doesn't go unpunished.''

Between four and eight armed men intercepted Gaviria as she was traveling with her security detail. In the ensuing shootout, one of her bodyguards was killed and two of the kidnappers were injured, said Uberney Marin, mayor of the nearby city of Pereira.

Gaviria's body was found about 15 minutes after her abduction.

Colombian elections have traditionally been marked by violence as leftist rebels, far-right paramilitaries and drug-traffickers attempt to assert influence.

Despite a widening corruption scandal, Uribe continues to hold a commanding lead in polls ahead of the May 28 election. Voters appear to approve of his dogged pursuit of leftist rebels, which is credited with a dramatic drop in kidnapping and politically motivated homicides.

Cesar Gaviria's political career has been framed by the violence that has gripped Colombia for decades.

Ten years ago this month, his brother was kidnapped and kept for 70 days by a leftist rebel group before being set free in exchange for the release of eight prisoners.

In 1989, he was campaign manager for leading presidential candidate and anti-corruption crusader Luis Carlos Galan, who was assassinated at a rally by gunmen working for cocaine kingpin Pablo Escobar's Medellin cartel. Gaviria replaced Galan as the Liberal Party's candidate and went on to win the election.

Escobar was killed in 1993 during a rooftop shootout in Medellin, while Gaviria was in office.

Internally displaced people in Colombia

Colombia: Internally displaced people face elections with few options
Press release, 27/4/2006

In a letter made public today, Amnesty International urged Colombia's presidential candidates to make public their plans of action to tackle the country’s human rights crisis, particularly the impact of the recent demobilization of army-backed paramilitaries on the country's internally displaced population.

More than 3 million people have been forced to leave their homes by paramilitaries, the guerrillas, and the security forces since 1985. Tens of thousands of others have been killed, “disappeared”, tortured or kidnapped.

A number of government initiatives, including Decree 4760 and the “rural reinsertion” programme, now threaten to ensure that demobilized paramilitaries could maintain control over the millions of hectares of land they have stolen.

Demobilized paramilitaries could become eligible for grants to develop agricultural projects in the very same lands they took by force, often through human rights violations and with the support of the security forces. These projects would bring together peasant farmers, displaced peoples and demobilized paramilitaries. Supposedly demobilized paramilitaries would count for half the people involved in each project.

A number of paramilitary groups have already announced their intention to promote economic development projects for their members and the local community in areas they already control.

“In practice, hundreds of thousands of people in Colombia could be faced with a lethal dilemma: either continue to be homeless or move back to their land and live with the very same people who tortured, raped and killed their loved ones and forced them to move out in the first place,” said Marcelo Pollack, Amnesty International's Colombia Researcher.

Amnesty International has called on the international community not to legitimize paramilitary control over such lands by funding agricultural projects of this kind.

In the letter, Amnesty International also urges the presidential candidates to use their campaigning platforms to publicly express support for the introduction of a human-rights based legal framework for the demobilization of illegal armed groups. Any legal framework should be in line with UN recommendations and ensure the return of land stolen by paramilitaries to their rightful owners or their descendants.

“If they are serious about leading the country, all the presidential candidates must develop credible proposals to tackle Colombia's human rights crisis. Failure to do so would put them at risk of being part of the problem," said Javier Zuñiga, Amnesty International's Americas Programme Director.

Amnesty International also calls on the candidates to publicly commit to:
• Acknowledging the human rights crisis and the internal armed conflict affecting millions in the country;
• complying with international human rights recommendations, including to end impunity;
• ensuring full respect of human rights and international humanitarian law by the security forces;
• signing a humanitarian agreement with the guerrilla groups to shield the civilian population from the conflict;
• defending the rights of human rights defenders and social activists to carry out their work; and
• protecting those civilians most at risk – including women and indigenous peoples.

Background Information
Presidential elections in Colombia are due to take place on 28 May.

Decree 4760 was promulgated on 31 December 2005 to regulate implementation of the Justice and Peace Law, which was approved in 2005 to facilitate the demobilization of paramilitary and guerrilla groups.

Zoon voor Clara Rojas?

Zoon voor Clara Rojas?

“Als mijn dochter een kind heeft gekregen, wil ik het in mijn armen sluiten”

02/04/2006 - Semana

Enkele dagen geleden hoorde Doña Clara de Rojas, de moeder van Clara Rojas die op 23 februari 2002 samen met Ingrid Betancourt ontvoerd is, van journalist Jorge Enrique Botero dat haar dochter een zoon gekregen zou hebben in gevangenschap.

Clara's loyaliteit ten opzichte van Ingrid is alom geroemd: zij stapte destijds uit de auto waarin de guerrilleros de mensen hadden geplaatst die zij zouden vrijlaten en verklaarde dat zij Ingrid niet in de steek zou laten.
De geboorte van een kind en het feit dat hij en zijn moeder het goed zouden maken zouden goed nieuws kunnen zijn. Volgens betrouwbare bronnen verkeren Ingrid en Clara in goede gezondheid en worden zij goed behandeld door hun ontvoerders.


Humanitarian assistance EC in Colombia

Commission provides €12 million of humanitarian assistance to the victims of conflicts in Colombia

28/3/2006 - European Commission

The European Commission has agreed a Global Plan to grant €12 million of humanitarian aid to support people who are displaced from their homes, blocked in their area or who have fled to neighbouring countries as a result of the longstanding internal conflict in Colombia. The assistance will help a total of 169,000 people by meeting the essential needs of 63,700 newly displaced people and providing assistance specifically designed to protect 3,000 vulnerable children. 35,000 affected people will also see their living conditions improved, and 68,000 refugees in Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama will receive emergency assistance and legal advice.

The Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid, Louis Michel, said, “14,000 Columbian children are estimated to be involved with illegal armed groups. The Commission’s funding protects children and gives them the chance to catch up on the schooling they have lost. When children earn educational or vocational qualifications they are much less vulnerable to recruitment by the armed groups.”

The armed conflict in Columbia has been going on for 40 years, and in the past year has forced an estimated 250,000 Colombians out of their homes. Most of these people are now living in precarious circumstances; many are from rural areas and when displaced into urban settings find it difficult to survive, even at a very basic level.

The aid will be targeted at the most urgent needs of displaced people, principally in the areas of water and sanitation, shelter, health care, food and livelihood support, psychosocial support and protection.

The €12 million will include:

Provide food and essential non-food items to support 50,000 newly displaced people in their first 3 months, and help them begin to earn their own living. Much of this will be provided through the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Support some 35,000 displaced people for up to a year, (for example by providing clean water, good sanitation and adequate shelter) to help them get back on their feet and prevent them from being displaced once again.

Protect the fundamental rights of displaced or trapped families and address the root causes of these families’ vulnerability. This will involve supporting detainees, hostages, their families and the families of missing persons.

Children are a priority of this Global Plan, and the funding will provide them with informal education, psychosocial and nutritional support. For example, the Commission funds a project in the suburbs of Bogota which protects up to 2,000 nine to eighteen year olds and helps them get back into the state education system. The project, run by the NGO Diakonie, enables young people to avoid being forced into joining the armed groups (e.g. accompanying them to school so they don’t have to walk alone).

The Commission’s humanitarian aid department has been actively involved in bringing relief to victims of the conflict in Colombia since 1997 and over that period of time has given humanitarian assistance worth over € 84 million.

The Commission will offer funding through the UN system to enable better coordination of humanitarian aid in Colombia. The aid will be channelled through the Commission's Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) under the responsibility of Commissioner Louis Michel and will be distributed by humanitarian NGOs and international agencies operating in the region.

 

Freedom for two kidnapped policemen

Freedom for 2 kidnapped policemen

16/3/2006 - El Tiempo

Freedom for 2 kidnapped policemen this Saturday in "El Afilador de la Dorada"(Putamayo)

Eder Luis Almanza Patron and Carlos Alberto Logarda were kidnapped last October in "Puerto Columbus"(Putamayo)

In a statement FARC insisted that relatives of the two policemen would be present with the future Presidential candidate Alvaro Leyva when both men are freed.

"We repeat that Doctor Alvaro Leyva as mediator will be the one who decides what other persons involved in the Humanitarian Exchange will be invited to attend, as well as relatives of the policemen", stated the press release.

President Uribe expressed his unease about freeing these military personnel because he considers this event has a clear objective; boosting Leyva's candidacy.

Rebel military actions continue, despite the announcement of the freeing of hostages.

Recently the Colombian army announced that it had found three vehicles laden with explosives on different roads into Caquetea. Yesterday one of these vehicles, parked near the 28 km road sign on the way to Catagena and suspected of been stolen from lorry drivers, has not ye been rendered harmless and authorities have diverted traffic on this road.

General Jaime Calderon Valenzuela, commander of the 12th brigade confirmed that public order in the region had been totally restored. "Not a gunshot has been heard for 3 days now", he explained.

 

FARC intensify attacks in rural areas

FARC apply pressure in the lead up to Colombian elections

7/3/2006 - Matinternet

FARC intensified its attacks in rural areas, in advance of the legislative elections of the coming weekend. As well they have promised to free two of their hostages, policemen, an offer described as abusive and political blackmail by President Alvaro Uribe.

In San Vicente del Caguan, in the former FARC ' free zone' where peace talks had been held between 1999 and 2002, two people, both civilians were killed and nine other injured in a bomb explosion.

Saturday, three other civilians, among them a 6-month old baby were killed in Montebonito, 170 km to the north -east of Bogotá, another attack blamed on FARC rebels. On 25 February, FARC killed nine local councillors in the little town of Rivera.

Elsewhere, attackers blew up an oil pipe and electricity pylons, according to official reports.

Two weeks ago, FARC announced a ban on all traffic in five provinces, including Caqueta, where San Vincente del Caguan is located (310 km south of Bogotá). This ban will last until the presidential elections in May in which Alvaro Uribe, 53, known for his 'strong arm' policies against rebels is tipped to win with 50% of voting intentions. And this after a Constitutional revision where by he is allowed to serve, if elected, a second term in office.

Supporters of Uribe who are candidates in next Sunday's elections should, according to the latest surveys, also be very successful.

Sunday last FARC announced they will free two policemen held hostage by them for 6 months and will hand them over to the opposition candidate in the presidential elections, Alvaro Leyva who has included restarting peace talks with FARC in his election programme. President Uribe's response is that this announcement is equivalent to " human trafficking, a total abuse of democracy".

Leyva who has for many years acted as an intermediary in the conflict with FARC is a personal friend of FARC chief Manuel Marulanda. He has less than 1% of the voting intentions.

In a statement released last week, the International Federation of Human Rights strongly condemned the campaign of violence launched by FARC.

 

Freedom for two hostages

FARC announce freedom for two police officers held hostage

6/3/2006 - Swissinfo, Romandie.com, TSR, Bluewin, La Liberté, AnnCol, Terra

FARC rebels announced on Sunday the forthcoming freedom of two policemen they are holding. They are demanding the presence of the International Red Cross Committee, the independent candidate in the presidential elections, Alvaro Leyva and former President Alfonso Lopez Michelsen.

FARC have indicated in a statement that their decision was made following an interview that Alvaro Leyva had had with their leader Manuel Marulanda, in December in a mountainous area of the country.

"We have a chance to show public opinion, both national and international that the humanitarian exchange (of kidnapped people for imprisoned rebels, editor's note) was not possible with (the Colombian President Alvaro) Uribe due to his lack of political will", added the statement, released by Anncol, the agency that broadcasts information from FARC.

Colombia is in the middle of two election campaigns, with the national assembly elections on 12 March and the presidential elections on 28 May. President Uribe is seeking to serve a second term of four years in office. The two policemen are to be freed between the 13 and 18 March, according to the statement released by FARC

 

Eight years detention in hands of FARC

Five Colombian military begin their ninth year in FARC hands.

5/3/2006 - Las voces del secuestro

On 3 March this year, five non-commissioned officers (NCOs) in the Colombian Army finished eight years detention in the hands of FARC, captured after an attack in the region of Caquete (south of Colombia) that caused the death of 65 soldiers at the very time when a Tribunal has just ordered compensation to the families of two of these victims. The judgement of the Council of State is of the opinion that the death of the soldiers was due " to a mistake on the army's part whereby orders had not been followed, where there had been tactical and operation failures based on mistaken logistics".

This judgement shows moreover that there had been an excess of confidence and a lack of strategy in confronting the attack by subversives.

The judgement was announced on the anniversary of the attack, which happened on 3 March 1998 at El Billar, near Cartagena in Chairá.

The decision of the Tribunal has been accepted by the State who must pay compensation to the families of soldiers Rigoberto Grajales and Jáider Lune who died in the attack. Compensation details have not been revealed.

In this attack, besides the 65 victims, 20 military were seriously injured and kidnapped. FARC subsequently freed all the soldiers and detained only 5 NCOs in custody.

These NCOs are part of a group of 58 people, among them Ingrid Betancourt, Clara Rojas, some politicians, military, and 3 Americans whom FARC claim they wish to exchange for 500 rebels held in prison.

A month ago, FARC announced the death in captivity of police captain Julian Ernesto Guevara, following an undisclosed illness, according to them, who had been captured seven years previously

 

Dochter Bétancourt: schizofreen bestaan

Dochter Bétancourt: schizofreen bestaan

Foto Mélanie en Lorenzo Delloye: EPA

  Artikel_over_Mélanie_AD_23_feb_2006.doc

Uribe doet niets voor mijn gegijzelde moeder

  Artikel_Mélanie_in_Trouw_22_feb_2006.pdf

Interview met Mélanie Delloye Bétancourt

Zestien was Mélanie toen haar moeder, de Colombiaanse politica Ingrid Betancourt, werd ontvoerd. Nu, vier jaar later, vertelt zij in een interview met Marie Claire over de strijd die ze voert om haar moeder terug te krijgen. Ze weet zeker dat haar moeder nog leeft.

  Artikel_Marie_Claire_feb_2006.pdf

Oproep Astrid Betancourt

Astrid Betancourt: Free my sister!

18/2/2006 - Nouvel Observateur

 



Astrid BetancourtWorking for Human Rights and against drug traffickers, Ingrid Betancourt was a candidate in the presidential elections for the Green Oxygen Party. On 23 February 2002, she was kidnapped with Clara Rojas, her campaign director by FARC. Held now for 4 years Ingrid Betancourt is along with thousands of others, a hostage of the conflict that has raged in Colombia since 1964. Astrid Betancourt, her sister, relates the story of how she awaits her sister's return.



On 12 December 2005, France, Switzerland and Spain made a proposal for a 'humanitarian exchange". Can you give us an update on that proposal?



Contrary to what is reported by the media, FARC have not refused this proposal. The kidnappers asked for a meeting with representatives from the three proposing countries to examine the proposal. If FARC do not recognise President Uribe as a representative in any negotiations, other institutions could intervene.



We also await proof of life, promised by FARC.



In the last two videos that were released Ingrid issued political messages and ideas to guide us in our actions.



Describe the current campaign. What part can the French nation play in this struggle for freedom?



Thanks to the public campaign guided by the support committees, FARC are aware of Ingrid's reputation internationally. This mobilisation guarantees Ingrid's survival. FARC cannot endanger her physical well being without being banished forever by the International Community. The people of France have already played a vital part, based on the principles that are fundamental in France: the appreciation of dignity and respect for the human being. Just after her kidnapping, the kidnappers said that they " would deprive her of her life" if agreement had not been reached within a year. Thanks to the campaign carried out by the French, four years after her kidnapping, Ingrid is alive. Of the 80 support committees worldwide, 50 are in France. People from all walks of life and all political beliefs have campaigned together.




What can the government do?



The French government has been involved from the beginning. It is aware of the efforts of French people. Initially the government trusted the statements made by the Colombian government. Then it chose to intervene more directly by ensuring there was a representative on the ground in Colombia. Finally, government action became more intense thanks to a European initiative with Spain and Switzerland. Today, these three countries are the main protagonists working for freedom for my sister and the other political hostages.




Libérez ma sœur ! MSN Actions solidaires

Hostage FARC dies

Colombian policeman held 7 years by FARC dies - report

 

15/2/2006 - Terra, Reuters

 


A Colombian police captain captured by leftist rebels more than seven years ago died in a secret jungle camp last month, local media reported on Wednesday, the day his daughter turned 14.


Julian Ernesto Guevara was among 63 hostages, including French-Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt and three Americans who President Alvaro Uribe is trying to exchange for Marxist guerrillas held in government jails.


His death from illness was reported by Communist newspaper Voz, which has direct contact with the rebels, but there was no official confirmation.


News of the death touched a nerve in Colombia, where thousands of kidnap victims languish in captivity while their families fretfully try to raise ransom money or otherwise negotiate their freedom.


"God willing this will be the only death among the kidnap victims and it will serve as a step toward an exchange of prisoners," the officer's mother, Emperatriz de Guevara, told reporters, adding that Wednesday was the birthday of her granddaughter Ana Maria.


Guevara was taken by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, in late 1998 during an attack in the southern province of Vaupes in which 16 police were killed and 67 were captured.


The government said it would keep pushing for a prisoner exchange under the condition that rebels who are freed do not return to criminal activity.


But the FARC has said there will be no hostage swap with Uribe, who was elected in 2002 on promises of smashing the insurgency and is expected to win re-election in May.


The FARC is also holding three civilian U.S. Defense Department contractors seized in 2003 along with Betancourt, captured while campaigning for the presidency in 2002.


Thousands die every year in Colombia's four-decade-old war involving the FARC and right-wing paramilitary militias, both of which fund their operations with cocaine smuggling.


In December Uribe accepted a proposal by France, Spain and Switzerland to clear government troops from around a small mountain town in southern Colombia to provide a neutral meeting place, reversing his long-held refusal to withdraw security forces in order to hold hostage swap talks.


Although the plan appeared close to meeting the rebels' earlier demands, the FARC responded by saying it would not negotiate with Uribe, a staunch Washington ally whose father was killed by the rebels in the early 1980s.

 

Muere en cautiverio un militar secuestrado por las FARC en 1998 Terra España

Colombian policeman held 7 yrs by FARC dies - report Reuters AlertNet - London,England,UK

EL SECUESTRO: UNA LENTA AGONÍA

Een nieuwe videoband?

A new video?

 

17/2/2006 - Nouvel Observateur

 


Some days prior to the fourth anniversary of the kidnapping of Ingrid Betancourt by FARC, the hostage is said to have recorded a new video.


INGRID Betancourt is reported to have recorded a video in the last few days, from her place of detention in the jungle, in the Putumayo area, according to sources close to the rebels.


The tape is said to be on its way to Bogotá and must be delivered to a journalist from Noticias Uno TV station, which already broadcast, in August 2003, the last proof of survival of the French-Colombian hostage.


For 28 months, the family hasn't had any news of the former presidential candidate and has been waiting desperately for proofs of her survival.


Several days prior to the fourth anniversary of the kidnapping of Ingrid Betancourt, FARC appear to want to make a goodwill gesture. This information arrives just when Europe, through three countries, France, Switzerland and Spain are trying to organise a humanitarian exchange, in a ' peace ' zone in the area of Cali between the Bogotá government and the rebel leader. 60 hostages among them Ingrid Betancourt, could be exchanged for 500 rebels currently held in prison in Colombia. The imminent broadcast of this tape, is it the sign of the beginning of a settlement in the conflict? One thing is certain, it proves that Ingrid Betancourt is alive and in good health.


Une nouvelle cassette vidéo Nouvel Observateur

Ontvoerde AzG-medewerkers blijven in Colombia

12/2/2006

Ontvoerde AzG-medewerkers blijven in Colombia

BOGOTA - De twee medewerkers van Artsen zonder Grenzen, die vorige week enige tijd zijn ontvoerd door guerrillastrijders, blijven in Colombia. Dat hebben de twee medewerkers tegenover de Spaanstalige krant La Prensa verklaard. De twee, een Nederlander en een Brit, werden in de buurt van de grens met Venezuela ontvoerd door rebellen van het ELN.

Volgens La Prensa zijn de twee vrijgekomen, nadat president Uribe van Colombia opdracht gaf om de eis van de ontvoerders in te willigen. De gijzelnemers eisten het lichaam van een omgekomen leider van het ELN, in ruil voor de Nederlander en de Brit. Nadat het lichaam van de ELN-leider in een lijkwagen was afgeleverd, zijn de medewerkers van Artsen zonder Grenzen vrijgelaten.

Artsen zonder Grenzen is al eerder slachtoffer van ontvoeringen geweest in Colombia. In 2005 werden vijf medewerkers van de organisatie enige tijd ontvoerd. Ook andere organisaties die in Colombia werken, zoals Oxfam, hebben regelmatig met ontvoeringen te maken.

In de afgelopen drie jaar zouden zeker zestig medici en ander zorgpersoneel in Colombia zijn ontvoerd. In totaal werden in 2005 ruim 800 personen ontvoerd in Colombia, een daling van meer dan 70 procent vergeleken met 2002 toen 2885 personen werden ontvoerd.

De Telegraaf

Ontvoerde Nederlander vrijgelaten

Gegijzelde Nederlander in Colombia weer vrij

10/2/06

 

Een Nederlandse arts van Artsen zonder Grenzen (AzG) is samen met zijn Britse collega vijf dagen gegijzeld geweest door rebellen in Colombia. Dat heeft de hulporganisatie bevestigd. Hulp
De twee zijn in goede gezondheid, meldt AzG. Ze waren in het noordoosten van het land om medische hulp te bieden aan de bevolking. Ze werden ontvoerd door radicale guerillastrijders in de regio.

Leger
Volgens Colombiaanse zijn de twee in handen zijn geweest van het Leger van Nationale Bevrijding (ELN). Die wilden hen uitwisselen tegen de stoffelijke resten van een recent omgekomen leider.

© RTLNieuws.nl

Colombia: elections threatened

Colombia: Attacks on freedom of expression threaten elections

9/2/2006 - Amnesty International

Death threats and attacks against journalists, candidates and public officials are undermining the rule of law in Colombia and could raise doubts about the fairness of the elections, said Amnesty International (AI) in a new report published today.

The report reveals how journalists, political candidates and voters are under particular threat in the run up to the Congressional elections – scheduled for 12 March – and the Presidential elections – scheduled for 28 May.

Across Colombia, journalists have been killed or threatened to stop them from exposing human rights abuses committed by all the parties to the conflict. Candidates and elected officials have been forced to resign or have been killed as punishment for challenging the authority of the guerrillas or paramilitaries. Members of the security forces and government officials have sought to stigmatize some journalists by associating them with the guerrilla, thus placing them at risk of attack by paramilitary forces.

“Impunity lies at the heart of the Colombian conflict. The knowledge that perpetrators of human rights violations will evade justice deters victims from speaking out. As a result, journalists fear to report, candidates to campaign and elected officials to govern,” said Amnesty International.

According to AI’s report, journalists have been forced to censor their work – avoiding travelling to areas of intense conflict, where most human rights abuses and violations occur, and to rely only on official information. In this way human rights abuses, including those implicating members of the security forces, are not fully reported by the media.

The report also expresses concern about the influence which both paramilitaries and guerrilla are reportedly seeking to exert over the electoral process.

"It is legitimate for demobilized combatants, paramilitary or guerrilla, to participate in politics but only once they have irrefutably laid down their arms, that there are guarantees in place to ensure that they are not implicated in human rights abuses, that their political activities are not being backed by violence and other crimes, and that victims’ right to truth, justice and reparation are being fully respected," said Amnesty International

“Physical protection measures provided by the authorities are insufficient without the political will to tackle the roots of the violence. The failure of the state to resolve the problem of impunity and the failure of the parties to the conflict to abide by international humanitarian law, has made the work of journalists, candidates and officials more dangerous and, in some cases, impossible.”

Amnesty International is calling on the parties to Colombia’s armed conflict to guarantee the right of candidates and voters, those already in elected office and journalists covering the elections, to report, campaign, vote and exercise their office free from fear.

For a full copy of: “Colombia: Reporting, Campaigning and Serving without Fear: The Rights of Journalists, Election Candidates and Elected Officials”, please see: http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/ENGAMR230012006

De verloren levensjaren van de gijzelaars

De verloren jaren

05/02/2006 - Semana

De Farc hebben hun gevangenen beroofd van de belangrijkste momenten van hun leven. Het weekblad Semana publiceert deze week het verhaal van een aantal van de meest dramatische gevallen.

Je leeft maar één keer. Het leven is meestal te kort om je dromen te verwezenlijken. Vele ontvoerden die in handen zijn van de Farc hebben de beste jaren van hun leven doorgebracht in de jungle. Militairen die op hun 21ste ontvoerd zijn, zijn nu bijna 30. Zij hebben daar simpelweg de beste jaren van hun jeugd verloren. Tientallen kinderenen kennen hun vader praktisch niet en sommigen hun moeder niet. Zodra ze konden praten, kenden ze al de betekenis van woorden en uitdrukkingen als een 'teken van leven', 'humanitaire ruil', of 'demilitarisering'. Er zijn vrouwen die al meer jaren bezig zijn om te strijden voor de bevrijding van hun echtgenoten dan het aantal jaren dat ze samen zijn geweest. Er zijn politieke leiders die tientallen collectieve projecten hebben moeten opgeven die waarschijnlijk ten goede waren gekomen aan hun gemeenschap. Afgebroken carrières. Hoeveel heeft het land verloren door deze ontvoeringen? Hoeveel talent en menselijk kapitaal verspild?

De bevrijding van de ontvoerden mag niet afhangen van een volksraadpleging. Het menselijke leed dat veroorzaakt wordt door deze voortdurende gevangenschap is zonder weerga. Evenals dat van alle mensen die wachten op de humanitaire ruil en dat van de 3.000 slachtoffers die ontvoerd zijn om hun dierbaren geld af te persen. Het is een humanitaire reden die voldoende moet zijn voor de Farc om iets van hun 'oorlogseer' terug te krijgen en ze te bevrijden. En voor de regering om geen moeite te sparen om te komen tot het akkoord waar zóveel levens van afhangen...

Voor mensen die het Spaans beheersen:
Lea sus historias :
Los años perdidos Semana

Bericht van het Internationale Rode Kruis

Colombia: humanitarian situation remains of concern

2/2/2006 - ICRC

The ICRC's director of operations, Pierre Krähenbühl, says the position of those affected by the ongoing violence in Colombia remains serious. He was speaking at a press briefing in Geneva after returning from a recent visit to the country where he held talks with parties to the conflict and visited several ICRC programmes.

During the press briefing, Pierre Krähenbühl said it was important to remember that Colombia had undergone a period of armed conflict that had now lasted four decades.

"There is not a single person in Colombia that has not in one way or another been affected by the levels of violence in the country," he said.

In one village he visited, he said the population took some time to explain the level of violence directed at them in the form of extortion, kidnapping and forced displacement and the element of day to day fear they experienced.

At the same time, he said the country had demonstrated impressive internal initiatives to respond to the humanitarian and social needs thrown up by the conflict.

Mr Krähenbühl also explained that Colombia was in the middle of a complex period with the ongoing demobilization of so-called "self-defence" groups and a process of dialogue between the government and the armed opposition group, the ELN (National Liberation Army). Negotiations between the authorities and the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) are more elusive, he said.

The displaced

The ICRC's director of operations said that one of the most worrying aspects of the violence in Colombia continued to be the numbers displaced by the conflict. Official government figures put them at 1.8 million though other estimates are higher.

He said that people are often forced to leave their homes to live as best they can in poverty belts surrounding the big cities facing major challenges of social integration.

The ICRC's focus in collaboration with the authorities and with other humanitarian organizations such as the World Food Programme is on the short-term needs of the displaced – i.e. within the first three months of displacement. The main requirements are for food, shelter and access to medical care. The ICRC foresees assisting up to 45,000 IDPs (internally displaced persons) in this way during the current year but stands ready to help more if need be.

Mr Krähenbühl also said it was worrying that more people had been forced to flee in January 2006 than in the comparative period last year. Recently 1,600 indigenous people were forced to leave their homes in the department of Cauca, in the south-west of the country, following an upsurge of fighting. Read ICRC news.

Although the ICRC and its partners are able to fulfil the needs of recent IDPs, the director of operations said there remained significant problems for the medium to long-term displaced. He said this was a point that the ICRC regularly raised in talks with the authorities as one which needed to be addressed with a greater sense of priority.

He said action was also needed to prevent new displacements. Recent binding judgements made by the country's Constitutional Court have seen the government increase the budget allocated to the problem but Mr Krähenbühl said that it remained to be seen how this would translate into concrete measures and a long-term response by the authorities.

As well as its actions on behalf of IDPs, Mr Krähenbühl also stressed ICRC operations on behalf of the wider civilian population, especially in facilitating access to medical attention. The organization regularly negotiates medical access to isolated communities and accompanies Colombian medical teams to these areas. Read story.

Detention

The ICRC continues to visit those detained by the Colombian authorities in connection with the violence, while efforts to visit those held by armed opposition groups continue.

Mr Krähenbühl said overcrowding in prisons remained a serious concern.

The missing

The ICRC makes regular approaches to armed opposition groups to try to ascertain the fate of those missing in the conflict. It strives to ensure that the issue remains high on the political agenda and on the agenda of any future negotiations to resolve the violence.

The organization is currently dealing with 3,600 individually documented cases of missing persons based on testimonies of family members.

Mr Krähenbühl said that the ICRC stands ready to act as a facilitator and intermediary in any release of hostages or of police officers and soldiers held by armed groups. However, he said he had little indication that negotiations on this question had made progress.

The ICRC currently has around 280 staff in Colombia and an allocated 2006 budget of CHF 24.6 million ($19.2 million/€15.8 million) to enable it to respond to the needs of those touched by the violence.

The organization has identified priority zones where it concentrates its operations and Mr Krähenbühl emphasized the high quality of the dialogue that the ICRC enjoys with all actors involved in the conflict.

Hostages ask Venezuela for help

Colombians held by rebels ask Venezuela for help

22/1/2006 - XINHUA, Terra, Ely Times, Romandie.com, The Daily Journal

Twelve Colombian politicians held by Marxist rebels since 2002 are asking neighboring Venezuela to help negotiate their freedom in a video released by the guerillas.

The video, broadcast on Colombian television on Saturday, shows the former lawmakers from Valle de Cauca province asking the government of Venezuela to intervene on their behalf after nearly four years of being held in what one hostage calls the "life-consuming jungles of Colombia."

They were captured in a raid in the city of Cali by members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, who herded the lawmakers into a bus while posing as soldiers on a mission to protect them from a bomb threat.

The 12 are among dozens of political leaders, police and army officers, some of whom have been held for up to seven years in secret camps by the rebels. The hostages include three Americans and Ingrid Betancourt, a Colombian-French national seized while campaigning for president in early 2002.

The 12 appeared in the video against a gray backdrop to obscure their whereabouts. They expressed frustration at the lack of progress in reaching a deal to exchange rebels held in government jails for 63 high-profile FARC hostages.

"Considering the indifference of the government and the FARC for an accord to secure our freedom, I formally ask Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez to grant me political asylum. And I ask the leaders of the FARC not to block this petition," hostage Nacianceno Orozco says in the video.

Hostage Juan Carlos Narvaez made the same plea in the video, which was the first proof the 12 were alive since a video was released in October 2004.

Venezuelan Foreign Ministry officials could not be immediately reached for comment.

Colombian President Alvaro Uribe told reporters he was sure that Chavez, a left-winger accused in the past by some Colombian officials of supporting the FARC, would help the hostages if possible.

"The Colombian government would accept the hostages being sent to Venezuela under any conditions, including asylum," Uribe said. "The most important thing is that they are reunited with their families as soon as possible."

Uribe last month accepted a proposal by France, Spain and Switzerland to break the deadlock with the guerillas over starting talks on freeing the hostages.

He agreed to clear government troops from around a small mountain town in southern Colombia to hold negotiations with the FARC, which funds itself with the country‘s cocaine trade.

Although the plan appeared close to meeting the rebels‘ earlier demands, the FARC responded that while it had not seen the proposal there would be no hostage swap with right-winger Uribe, who is running for re-election this May.

Polls show voters would react favorably to a hostage exchange.

Een ontvoering die veel mensen goed uitkomt

Artikel over Ingrid Betancourt in Europe Diplomatic Magazine van december 2005 - januari 2006:

http://www.europe-diplomatic.com/pdf/rub2.pdf

FARC playing politics with hostages

Colombia says FARC playing politics with hostages

9/1/2006 - La Prensa (Panama), Reuters

The Colombian government on Sunday accused left-wing rebels of playing politics with the fate of 63 hostages, including a former presidential candidate and three Americans held by the guerrillas in secret jungle camps.

President Alvaro Uribe last month accepted a proposal by France, Spain and Switzerland to break a deadlock with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, over starting talks on freeing jailed rebels in return for the hostages.

Although the plan appeared close to meeting the rebels' earlier demands for talks to begin, the FARC responded by saying that while it had not seen the proposal there would be no hostage swap with right-winger Uribe, who is running for re-election next year.

Polls show voters would react favorably to a hostage exchange.

"Obsessed with damaging the prestige of President Uribe they now say say there will be no exchange, as a way of swaying voters toward other candidates," said a statement issued on Sunday by the government's High Commission for Peace.

The hostages include Ingrid Betancourt, a Colombian-French national captured by the FARC while campaigning for the presidency in 2002. The rebels also have three civilian U.S. Defense Department contractors seized in 2003 as well as Colombian politicians, police officers and soldiers held up to seven years.

"The FARC wants the government to pay a political cost for the prolonged captivity of the kidnap victims," the statement said.

Pastrana - Marulanda 1999The rebels helped former President Andres Pastrana get elected in 1998 by insinuating they could reach a peace deal with him. Uribe was a fierce critic of the Pastrana-FARC talks, which broke down in 2002, saying the rebels must be defeated militarily.

Thousands are killed and tens of thousands displaced every year by Colombia's 41-year-old guerrilla war.

Uribe, popular for cutting crime as part of his U.S.-backed military offensive against the rebels, is expected to win a second four-year term in May.

Accepting a proposal by France, Switzerland and Spain, Uribe last month reversed his long-held refusal to withdraw security forces in order to hold talks. He agreed to clear government troops from around a small mountain town in southern Colombia to provide a safe meeting place from the point of view of the FARC, which funds itself with the country's cocaine trade.

Uribe, whose father was killed by the rebels in the 1980s, last week called the group a bunch of "thieves, buffoons and screamers" for rejecting the gesture.

Uribe ratifies military offensive to free hostages

Uribe ratifies the order to free hostages through a military offensive

5/1/2006 - La Jornada

General Carlos OspinaThe commander of the Colombian army, General Carlos Ospina announced toady that the order to free through military means hostages held by FARC was ratified by President Uribe.

"It is up to us to carry out actions that will lead to freedom for those kidnapped, as the President has confirmed", stated Ospina to local media. The general ruled out any suspension of operation in the vast forest regions where the army think the hostages are held.

The 25 political leaders, 34 officers and non-commissioned army officers and three US citizens, labelled by FARC as "exchangables", have been held for longs years, waiting for the guerrilla group and the government to decide to sign an agreement called a "humanitarian exchange". The majority of these hostages have been held during the last decade and some of them are now going into their ninth year deprived of liberty. None of them have had direct contact with their families and in the last two years proofs of life has not been received from either the soldiers or Ingrid Betancourt.

The warning yesterday by FARC who stated that " with Uribe no humanitarian exchange can take place", arguing that the President wanted to take advantage of this issue for electoral reasons, deserves a firm answer, the general stated. The latter referred to FARC as " crooks" and "clowns".

President Uribe has been accused by the families of some of the hostages of sabotaging diplomatic efforts of France, Spain and Switzerland to bring about talks between the guerrilla group and the Government and the families have warned that they are totally opposed to any efforts to rescue their loved ones by military means.

Juan Carlos Lecompte, husband of Ingrid Betancourt, held by FARC since February 2002 told La Jornada that since 13 December Uribe has shown that he has no wish to bring about a humanitarian exchange, by announcing in a rushed manner the advances made by France, Spain and Switzerland.

Both Lecompte and Yolanda Pulecio, Ingrid Betancourt's mother repeated that they are opposed to any attempted rescue through military means and they informed President Uribe that he would be held responsible before the country and before the international community "in the case of the deaths of the hostages". Ingrid Betancourt has dual Colombian-French nationality: this explains the continued interest of the Government of Jacques Chirac in the freeing of the former senator.

Following the statement by the senior military commander regarding the President's order, families of other hostages remembered that in 2003, during a failed rescue attempt to free a group of politicians and military personnel in FARC hands, only 2 of the 20 hostages survived.

The NGO, Asfamipaz, that represents families of military hostages held by FARC, told this newspaper that despite the ongoing problems in seeking an agreement, the intervention of France, Spain and Switzerland is bearing fruit, since- they stated- the meeting between representatives of the European countries and the leader of FARC is planned to take place.

FARC: no hostage exchange with Uribe

FARC: no hostage exchange with President Uribe

4/1/2006 - Latin Reporters

"Latin Reporters", a group of journalists that analyses on a regular basis Latin-American and Spanish events, publish today their analysis of the Colombian situation. Generally well informed about the situation in this country, they put forward some interesting theories: to be viewed with the necessary hindsight; this group made some very surprising statements, one for example an allegation that "a noisy minority among the many supporters of Ingrid Betancourt approve of the Marxist rebels who kidnapped her"…. which either shows a very fertile imagination or a very gullible interpretation of some influential sections of the media in Colombia".

The Latin Reporters article:

Ingrid Betancourt if she is still alive, and other hostages are at risk of remaining for another long period in the hands of FARC. According to FARC, "there will be no humanitarian exchange" under President Alvaro Uribe, who surveys predict will be re-elected in May giving him four more years as head of government in Colombia.

Hopes created by the proposal put by France, Switzerland and Spain are thus dashed. Presented on behalf of the three European countries on 12 December last and accepted immediately by President Uribe, the proposal was based on a temporary demilitarised zone, guaranteed by international observers, in an area of 180 square kms in the south -west of Colombia, near El Retiro.

Representatives from the Government and FARC were to be invited to that place to negotiate the freeing of 59 political and military hostages in exchange (including Ingrid Betancourt, kidnapped on 23 February 2002) in exchange for some 5000 rebels currently held in prison.

The fact that the Colombian President accepted a temporary demilitarisation of a part of the national territory was considered to be a major concession. It had raised the hopes of the hostages' families. These families want to believe that the rebel group will not flatly refuse a prisoner exchange, the rebels prefer to blame President Uribe for the destruction of the exchange.

In a statement entitled "With Uribe, there will be no humanitarian exchange", FARC leave little room for optimism. In fact they are demanding a negotiator appointed by the President "who will also be willing to negotiate a solution to the conflict" that has embroiled Colombia for more than forty years. This request overwhelms and complicates the much narrower issue of a prisoner exchange.

As well, FARC caused some surprise by stating "they had not yet got details" about the proposal presented to them on 12 December by Paris, Berne and Madrid.

FARC restated that the extradition to the USA of two of their senior personnel, "Simon and Sonia", remains " an insurmountable obstacle" in the way of an eventual humanitarian exchange.

The most worrying aspect of their statement is that FARC continue to accuse President Uribe of wanting to free, militarily, hostages held by the rebels.

The rebels blame a failed rescue attempt for the death of two hostages "the Governor of Antioquia and the former Minister for Defence, Echeverri Mejia"

However, for the majority of those kidnapped by FARC, among them Ingrid Betancourt, no proof of life has been given for several years. Even if President Uribe does not rule out military rescue attempts, there is still a risk that FARC might blame the death of key hostages, who have already died, on an impending action of the Colombian army that would be presented by the rebels as an ill-considered rescue attempt.

President Uribe, whose popularity remains at 70%, would then risk his national and international reputation prior to the National Assembly elections in March and the Presidential elections in May.

Probable or possible reasons for FARC's refusal

- President Uribe was too quick to announce publicly that he was in favour of the proposal put by France, Switzerland and Spain. The guerrilla do not wish to give the impression that they were going to follow a road that would appear to have been opened by its worst enemy.

- Colombia is in the middle of an election campaign and a humanitarian agreement would facilitate the re-election, in May 2006 of President Uribe who according to surveys is tipped to win.

- The USA will definitely not be willing to free two rebel leaders extradited by the Colombian Government, as FARC have often demanded in relation to the humanitarian agreement. The two leaders are "Simon Trinidad"(aka Juvenal Ricardo Palmers) and "Sonia"(aka Omaira Rojas Cabrera). They must appear before the US courts charged with drug trafficking.

- Maintaining the need for security, FARC were offering to negotiate the humanitarian exchange in a demilitarised zone of 800 square kms, or an area four times greater that the zone proposed by the French Swiss and Spanish representatives. The second in command, Raul Reyes has confirmed that this is still a key FARC demand.

- By "demilitarisation", FARC mean the withdrawal of the army and the police but not of the rebels. France, Switzerland and Spain envisage the withdrawal of all armed groups from the demilitarised zone where negotiations will take place. Rebel forces would then lose the advantage accruing from an occupation gained through non-military means.

- The demilitarisation of the zone proposed by the three European countries concerns all armed groups so FARC would then have been unable to organise in that location, in front of international media, huge parades of armed rebels and meetings that, according to FARC would have boosted their profile internationally in the zone that President Andres Pastrana (1998-12002) had demilitarised, as part of his mandate, to try, in vain, to negotiate for peace.

- The undisclosed death of one or more high profile hostages.

- The Marxist group who have been fighting since 1964, FARC could now think that time is on their side. The swing to the left is in effect increasing in Latin America. The Colombian rebel group celebrated the electoral success in Bolivia of the native Indian Evo Morales, who is close to Fidel Castro and the Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. The pro-American free-trade policies of President Alvaro Uribe is in danger of isolating Colombia in a region where ideology is changing and is affecting in various degrees Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay.

Rejection Prisoner-Swap Talks

Colombia Rebels Reject Prisoner-Swap Talks

1/1/2006 - Nouvel Obs, Matinternet, Houston Chronicle, La Prensa

The country's main rebel group has rejected a proposal from European nations to meet with Colombia's government to discuss swapping jailed rebels for hostages, including three Americans.

A group of facilitators from France, Switzerland and Spain proposed in mid-December that the two sides meet in a village in southwest Colombia, and demilitarize a 110-square-mile area surrounding the talks. Colombian President Alvaro Uribe accepted the plan.

But Raul Reyes, leader of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, said late Friday that his group would hold firm to a demand that Colombia's military clear out of an area more than four times the size proposed by the European nations.

The FARC's rejection is a blow to dozens of families who were optimistic about the European proposal.

A prisoner exchange would likely include the FARC freeing about 60 hostages _ including politicians, military personnel and the Americans _ for imprisoned guerrillas.

The captured Americans _ Tom Howes, Marc Gonsalves and Keith Stansell _ have been held since February 2003, when their small plane crashed in a FARC stronghold in southern Colombia while on an anti-drug mission for the U.S. Defense Department.

The FARC is a 12,000-strong force that has been fighting the Colombian government for more than four decades to establish a Marxist-style state. It is also heavily involved in drug trafficking and kidnapping for ransom.